城市旱垂柳平头后的腐朽规律与防控技术研究

研究牡丹江市城市旱垂柳立木腐朽菌种群的分布规律，发生发展状况及其对城市旱垂柳（Salix matsudana var．pseudo-matsudana y．l．Z）材的分解能力进行测定；对城市旱垂柳林的立木腐朽防治技术进行对比分析。研究结果表明：城市旱垂柳具有发达的愈伤组织系统、树皮保护系统，萌芽能力和生根能力特别强，根系发达等许多优良品质，因而其生命力特别顽强，抵御病虫害毁灭性打击的能力很强，它是城市森林的优质高效树种；城市旱垂柳林容易遭受人工整枝、整形、平头、机械伤害等强烈的干扰，导致17种以上木材腐朽菌的侵入，腐生率与林龄（胸径）呈正相关，随林龄的增大腐生真菌的种类相应增多，但死亡率较低；测定的毛革盖（Coriolus hirsutus（Wulf．：Fr．）Quél．）等8种旱垂柳木材腐朽菌的降解能力排序为：毛革盖，云芝，香栓，多毛盖菌，单色下皮黑，桦革裥，树舌，黑管菌。对旱垂柳林施行的一切园林技术措施都必须有利于其愈伤组织的快速愈合，以及树皮系统的尽力保护。

Research on Rotten Law and Protection and Control Technology of Truncated Salix matsudana in City

The distributing law of fungus population of Salix matsudana in Mudanjiang City was studied, and its resolving power was determined. Contrastive analysis was conducted on protection and control technology of fungus population of Salix matsudama in city. The results showed that Salix matsudana in city had good callus system, bark protection system, and other excellent quality such as good sprouting ability, rootability and well-developed root system. So it had resilient vitality and pests and diseases rssist ability. Salix matsudana was venerable to artificial pruning, trimming, truncating, and mechanical injury resulting in more than 17 kinds of wood decay fungi invasion. Saprophytic rate related positively with stand age, which meant that fungus types increased as stand age increased with low death rate, though. The ordering of degradation abilities of eight the wood decay fungi of the Salix matsudana in city was Coriolus hirsutus, Coriolus versicolor, Trametes suaveolens, Funalia gallica, Cerrena unicolor, Elfvingia applanata, Lenzites betulina, Bjerkandera adusta. So the preventing principles of rotten living trees were all the technical measures of landscape, which must be propitious to heal quickly the tissue and prevent effectively the bark system.