黑松正常与异常球果的观察与分析

以烟台市栽培的绿化树黑松为材料,观察正常和异常幼果与近成熟球果着生状态,并对异常球果发生原因进行分析,结果表明:在原本属于小孢子叶球着生的当年生枝条基部着生着异常幼果(最多者为11枚)和近成熟异常球果(最多者为12枚),它们由小孢子叶球发生性反转途径转变为异常大孢子叶球进而发育为异常球果(不规则上下排列)。黑松正常幼果(球果)由大孢子叶球发育而来,着生在当年生枝条顶芽周围,呈环周式不等距同心圆水平排列;长椭圆形,中下部鳞脐平滑,上部略有凸起;一个枝条着生1~7枚不等,以4~5枚为主,稀1枚和7枚;与油松幼果有本质性遗传差异。

The observation and analysis of normal and abnormal cone of Pinus thunbergii

The normal and abnormal fruitlet and nearly mature cones insertion were observed and the occurrence reason of abnormal cones was analyzed by taking afforestation tree Pinus thunbergii which were cultured in Yantai city.The result showed that the abnormal cones (the most was 11) and nearly mature abnormal cones (the most was 12) inserted in branches in the very years which were originally inserted in staminate strobilus.They were transferred to abnormal ovulate strobilus and developed into abnormal cones (up and down irregularity) through staminate strobilus sex reversal.The normal fruitlet (cone) of Pinus thunbergii which developed from ovulate strobilus inserted around the branches terminal bud in the very years.It presented ring style unequal distance concentric circles horizontally arrangement.It was oblong, the lower middle part umbo was smooth, the upside was embossment.There were 1~7 cones inserted in one branch, mainly 4~5 cones, rarely 1 and 7 cones.There was essence genetic difference with Pinus tabuliformis fruitlet.