不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、氮含量的影响

土壤有机C、N的定量动态变化是评价不同土地利用方式对土壤质量影响的重要内容。本文比较了研究地区种植黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam．)、百喜草(Paspalum notatum Flugge．)、桔树(Citrus reticulata Blanco．)和马尾松(Pinus Massoniana Lamb．)的四种土地利用方式对植物生物量和土壤有机C、N多年变化的影响。试验初期，四种土地利用方式的植物生物量几乎处于同一水平。经过10年长期试验后，黑麦草和百喜草的累计生物量分别是桔树的3．68和3．75倍，马尾松的2．06和2．14倍。地下部生物量的差异更为明显，黑麦草和百喜草两种草类地下部累计生物量都较桔树和马尾松高10倍之多。这表明草类较之乔木更有利于提高土壤有机C、N的含量。土壤有机C、N的含量变化主要发生在0．40cm土层。统计计算表明，10年期问，种植黑麦草和百喜草可使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约增加1．5吨和0．2吨，而种植桔树使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约减少1．2吨和0．02吨，种植马尾松使土壤有机C、N贮量每公顷分别约减少0．4吨和0．04吨。表4参10。

Changes of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in forage grass fields, citrus orchard and coniferous forests

Dynamic quantitative assessment of soil organic C and N is an available approach to understand the exact impact of land management on soils fertility. In this study the biomass of plants and content of soil organic C and N were compared in four typical land use systems which were planted with Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco.), and Masson pine (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) during 10 years in south China. Although biomass of plants in these four land use systems was nearly at the same level in the former investigation, total biomass for Ryegrass (RG), Bahiagrass (BG) was 3.68 and 3.75 times higher than that for Citrus (CT), and 2.06 and 2.14 times higher than that for Masson pine (MP) over 10 years of cultivation, respectively. Especially, underground total biomass for both RG and BG was over 10 times larger than that for CT and MP, indicating that forage grasses was much more beneficial to increase organic C and N storage in soils than CT and MP. The change content of soil organic C and N mainly occurred within soil depth of the 0-40 cm. The increased content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was for 1.5 thm-2 and 0.2 thm-2 in the soil with planting RG and BG, and was for 1.2 thm-2 and 0.02 thm-2 in the soil with planting CT. An average loss was for 0.4 thm-2 and 0.04 thm-2 in the soil with planting MP during 10-year period.