中山市海岸带迎背风坡造林效果比较研究

五桂山位于广东中山市东南沿海,其东南坡向的海岸带迎风坡性质明显。在造林4年和1年的两块林地上,分别建立两条跨越迎风坡和背风坡的固定样带,对样带的调查研究结果表明：只要实行高强度营林措施,适地适树,海岸带坡地退化生态系统是可恢复森林植被的;根据参试树种的早期生长表现,大叶相思、西南桦、台湾相思、米老排、红锥、厚荚相思、海南蒲桃等的生长速度较快,海南红豆和云南石梓的生长速度则较慢,这两种树种不太适宜在迎风坡造林;在采用相对密植的前提下,林分郁闭前迎风坡造林树种的死亡率高于背风坡,郁闭后则背风坡较高,为尽快形成森林小环境,建议迎风坡的造林密度应大于背风坡;在造林措施相同的条件下,背风坡林木生长量、物种多样性和林分质量明显优于迎风坡,说明海岸带坡向因子对植被恢复具有显著影响。

Comparative study of afforestation effects on windward slope and leeward slope in Zhongshan nearby coastal zone

Wuguishan, located at the southeast coast of Zhongshan city in Guangdong Province, is disturbed by sea breeze frequently and distinctly along its southeast slope. The study was conducted at two existing sample plots including windward slope and leeward slope. And the two sample plots had been founded for 4 years and 1 years respectively in Wuguishan. By means of investigation and analysis, the results were as follows: 1) degenerative ecosystem in the coastal zone can be recovered by planting high density trees in the suitable niche. 2) Comparing all of the species, Acacia auriculiformis, Betula alnoides, Acacia confuse, Mytilaria laosensis, Castanopsis hystrix, Acacia crassicarpa and Syzygium cumini growed faster than Ormosia pinnata and Gmelina arborea in the forepart after planted. The last two species might be not suitable to rear in the windward slope. 3) in the condition of relative closing planting, the mortality was much higher in the windward slope than that in the leeward slope before forest stand canopy closing, while the results was opposite after the forest stand canopy closing. Hence, establishing suitable niche was necessary to keep higher planting density in windward slope. 4) when the steps how to plant was not different, the trees' biomass, species diversity and equality of forest stand in leeward slope were much better than that in windward slope. All of these showed that vegetation restoration was affected significantly by slope factors because of adjoinjing to the coastal zone.