湖北三峡库区退耕还林区柑橘低温冻害规律调查

2008年2月,对三峡库区宜昌退耕还林区柑橘低温冻害情况进行调查,结果表明:该地区柑橘属中不同种类柑橘抗冻性强弱依次为温州蜜柑类>槛柑类>脐橙类>柚类;秭归县脐橙的冻害程度随海拔高度增加而加深,海拔600 m以上3级以上冻害达到80%以上;前一年挂果量影响柑橘冻害,挂果量过大会加剧冻害;不同坡向的果园,阴坡比阳坡冻害严重,同坡向不同坡位的果园,坡顶和坡谷冻害均较重,而坡中部果园冻害较轻;水库能减轻其周边柑橘的冻害,距离越近效果越好;果园防护林能够在大约10倍防护林高度的范围内有效地降低果园冻害;冻害前采取包干、覆盖等措施能够明显地减轻冻害;基于上述冻害规律,本文提出柑橘预防冻害和冻后应急处置恢复生长的技术措施.

Characteristics of Citrus Freeze Injury in the Newly-reclaimed Forest from Formland of Three Gorges Area in Hubei Province

From the beginning of February 2008,the characteristics of citrus low-temperature injury in the newly-reclaimed Forest from Farmland of Three Gorges area were surveyed.The results showed that different Citrus types were injured to different extent by low-temperature stress in this region.The freeze-tolerance was ranked as Satsuma> Pon-kan citrus > Navel Orange > Pomelo.The extent of low-temperature injury deteriorated with the altitude increase,and more than 80% Navel Oranges were injured scaled to 3 and more degree of injury above 600 m.The yield in previous year affected the injury degree,namely more yield severer injury.Aspect of slope of the citrus orchard affected the injury,the orchard on the south-facing slope was injured less than that on the north slope,and the orchards at both the top and bottom of the slope were hurt more severely than that in the middle of the slope.The Waters,shelterbelt,and artificial measures of protection such as coverage all could alleviate the low-temperature injury of citrus to some extent.Based on the results,some technical measures were presented in this paper to prevent citrus being injured and promote the growth restoration.