森林土壤酶的研究进展

土壤酶在土壤生态系统的物质循环和能量流动方面扮演重要的角色。目前 ,在几乎所有的森林生态系统研究中 ,土壤酶活性的监测似乎成为必不可少的研究内容。森林凋落物分解过程中的酶活性动态 ,植被特征与土壤酶活性的关系 ,土壤微生物与土壤酶的关系 ,植物 -土壤界面的土壤酶 ,森林土壤质量评价指标的土壤酶及人类活动干扰对森林土壤酶活性的影响等是当前森林土壤酶学的研究重点。由于土壤酶的功能和生态重要性 ,森林土壤酶研究可能包括 :(1 )土壤酶系统分异 ;(2 )作为森林土壤质量综合评价指标的土壤酶活性 ;(3)植被动态与土壤酶的关系 ;(4 )退化森林生态系统的土壤酶活性特征 ;(5 )人工林土壤酶活性特征 ;(6 )人类活动对森林土壤酶系统的影响。本文从土壤酶系统分异和生态系统的角度对土壤酶在森林生态系统中的作用和地位进行了综述 ,这对于加深理解森林生态系统中的物质循环、土壤酶的生态重要性以及森林生态系统退化机理有重要作用

Advances in Forest Soil Enzymology

Soil enzyme is the enzymes mainly from the plant exudation and excreted by microorganisms and released from plant and animal relict decomposition. Soil enzyme system plays a key role in the soil biochemical process and is closely related to the cycle of mass such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur etc. and energy fluxes in forest ecosystem. Presently, soil enzymology has become an essential tool by which monitor soil enzyme activities almost all studies on forest ecosystems. Soil enzymology focus mainly on the enzymatic activity dynamics in litter decomposition process, relationships between soil enzymes and vegetation features and soil biological community dynamics, variations of soil enzymes in the ecological interface between plant and soil, soil enzymatic activity used as bioindicators of forest soil quality, and effects of anthropic activity on forest soil enzyme activity. In view of the function and ecological significance of soil enzyme, it can be expected that research in the field of soil enzymology in twenty-first century will include as follows: (1) investigating soil enzyme system differentiation in the forest ecosystems; (2) determining soil enzyme activity used as the integrative evaluation index of forest soil quality; (3) exploring the interactive effects of vegetation dynamics and soil enzymes; (4) measuring the activities of soil enzymes in degraded forest ecosystem; (5) monitoring the activities of soil enzymes used as soil quality indicators of manmade forests; (6) studying the effects of anthropic activity on forest soil enzyme system. It is suggested that the interaction between the soil enzymes and forest ecosystem should be studied on the basis of the aspects of soil enzyme system differentiation, which will be helpful to understand the plant litter decomposition, the mass cycle, function and ecological significance of the soil enzyme and energy flux in forest ecosystem, and to explore the degraded mechanism of forest ecosystems and its responses on eco environment disturbance.