Improving the collection and germination of West African <Emphasis Type="Italic">Garcinia kola</Emphasis> Heckel seeds |
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Authors: | Juliana Agyili Moctar Sacande Edmond Koffi Theresa Peprah |
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Institution: | (1) Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG), KNUST, P.O. Box UP63, Kumasi, Ghana;(2) Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK;(3) Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), 01 BP 1740, Abidjan, 01, Ivory Coast |
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Abstract: | Garcinia kola is highly used as chew-stick for dental care in West Africa, but it is nearly commercially extinct in nature. To help find methods to increase rate and percentage of germination, we investigated its seed germination responses by using several collections and pre-treatments. Seeds processed from 6-week old green fruits did not germinate, whilst those of 10-week old partly-mature, at the intermediate stage through full development, germinated 46%. Seeds from orange mature fruits reached maximum 54–62% germination. Radicles emerged 6 weeks after sowing and normal germination with emergence of the primary single shoot growth occurred after 12 weeks. There was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) between germination responses of seeds from Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Seeds did not germinate when dried to below ca. 30% MC. De-coating seeds or soaking intact seeds in a 70% ethanol solution increased germination to 82–92%, and also increased germination rate; however germination was not uniform. Because difficulties in germinating these seeds stem from the physical presence of the seed coats and the slow growth of the embryos contained therein, we recommend that fresh seeds from mature fruits be de-coated and immediately sown in preferably, an aerated medium (e.g., sawdust) for cultivation. |
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Keywords: | Garcinia kola Seed collection Pre-treatments Desiccation Germination Cote d’ Ivoire Ghana |
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