Prospects and challenges of tenure and forest governance reform in the context of REDD + initiatives in Nepal |
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| Institution: | 1. Forest Action Nepal, Nepal;2. Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway;1. Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, NL-3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. PBL — Netherlands Environment Assessment Agency, PO Box 303, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;1. Ecological Restoration Institute, P.O. Box 15017, Flagstaff, AZ, USA;2. Ecological Restoration Institute, P.O. Box 15017, Flagstaff, AZ86011, USA;3. Scottsdale, AZ85254, USA;1. School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;2. The Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia;3. Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;4. University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;5. Curtin University, Bentley, Australia;6. Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;7. Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;1. UNEP DTU Partnership, DTU Copenhagen, Denmark;2. Alexander von Humboldt Professorship of Environmental Economics, Institute for Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabruck, Germany;3. University of Aveiro, Departemento de Biologia, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This paper argues that the Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD +) initiatives in Nepal have not adequately understood and considered institutional and political issues around forest tenure and governance challenges. The paper is developed based on reviews of polices, assessments of project activities, interviews with key informants, and observation of ongoing REDD + related public discussions. We found that the REDD + initiatives so far appear to have prioritized technical issues such as carbon assessment, reference scenario, and measurement, reporting and verification of emissions. However, a major policy challenge in Nepal is the substantial deforestation and degradation going on, which leads to substantial challenges of leakage and threatens Nepal's National REDD + policy ambition. The key drivers of deforestation and degradation in Nepal are still poorly identified, analyzed and understood. Inadequate focus of Nepal's present REDD + readiness on the core issues of contested forest tenure and frail governance entails that an unrealistic policy and institutional measures would be developed in addressing these issues of deforestation and degradation. Consequently, it would seriously undermine the prospect of achieving emission reduction — the very goal of REDD +. It is suggested that a robust analysis, collective understanding and broadly agreed policy measures for curbing deforestation must be at the core of REDD + readiness process. |
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