| Abstract: | Summary The very quick rise of mining, salt-production, oretrade and metal-industrie caused in the 16. century an enormous need in
wood and charcoal, added to this the consumption of firewood in the cities, the need of wood for glassworks and various woodworkers
and of timber for a raising population. Floats on the rivers were the most important transport means for commerce as well
as for travelling.
The economic structure-changes at the end of the Middle Ages led to a high valuation of the forests as most important raw
material reserves. It showed itself in the effort of the state-authorities to preserve the growingstock; restrict the customary
forest utilizations and to orderly management of the forests against the opposition of the farmers, who stuck to their old
customary rights. The beginning of a forest literatur as well as a great number of forest orders contain progressive instructions
for prevention and care of the forests.
Moreover the new appreciation of nature, plants and trees produced splendid gardens and the first paintings emphasizing landscapes
and forests.
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