云杉属树种天然群体DNA标记的国外研究进展

本文综述了自21世纪初以来DNA标记技术在国外云杉属树种中的应用情况,涉及到的树种以挪威云杉为主,多至十几种,标记种类主要包括AFLP、RAPD、RFLP、SSR、ISSR、STS、EST、VNTR和SNPs等。另外,对几种群体遗传参数进行比较分析,表明云杉天然群体遗传变异丰富,其中利用ISSR检测到白云杉天然群体多态位点百分率可达90%,利用RAPD检测到挪威云杉群体总遗传变异高至0.941;群体间存在遗传分化,产生了适应环境的变异,除一个利用mtVNTR研究所得结果外,其他研究均表明,云杉群体间遗传分化程度并不是很高,云杉群体变异主要表现为群体内变异。同时,对DNA标记在云杉属种质资源保存及遗传改良方面的前景进行了展望。

Advances in Foreign Researches on DNA Markers in Spruce Natural Groups

This paper deals with the application of DNA markers in spruce during the first 10 years of 21st Century.The species of spruce referred to more than 10 species,in which Norway Spruce was main.The DNA markers included AFLP,RAPD,RFLP,SSR,ISSR,STS,EST,VNTR and SNPs,etc.Moreover,several group genetic parameters were compared and analyzed.The results have shown that the genetic variation of spruce natural groups is rich.Polymorphic loci percentage of white spruce is up to 90% by ISSR.Total genetic diversity is up to 0.941 in Norway spruce detected by RAPD.The genetic differentiation between groups displays that a new variation fit for environment changing has occurred.All the results except one with mtVNTR indicate that the level of genetic differentiation among groups is low and main variation lies in inter-group.Meanwhile,this review also forecasts the application of DNA markers in the field of germ plasm resource conservation and genetic improvement.