四川海子山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性

应用样线法，调查海子山自然保护区鸟类的组成和群落结构，经调查确认保护区内有鸟类16目48科210种，以留鸟和夏候鸟为主，鸟类区系成分复杂，古北界种类略占优势。根据鸟类栖息地的生境类型，将保护区鸟类划分为5个群落。调查得知，不同群落的优势种、常见种有较大差异；同一群落类型的物种组成、数量、遇见频次的季节差异明显。运用Shannon Weinner指数计算各群落的多样性；采用E=H／Hmax。计算群落中各群落物种的均匀度；用百分率相似性数（index of percent similarity）对各群落做相似性比较。结果表明：保护区内鸟类群落结构与各群落类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关，群落的空间结构越复杂，则物种多样性就越高；湿地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高，而高山灌丛鸟类群落的均匀度指数最低；各群落类型百分比相似性指数均较低；鸟类群落结构具有较大差异。

The Community Structure and Biodiversity of Birds in Haizishan Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province

From October to December in 2003 and from June to September in 2004, the structure of birds was investigated and analysed in Haizishan Nature Reserve. Until now, 210 species which belong to 48 families and 16 orders have been discovered in the reserve, and most of them are resident birds and summer visitors. According to the variance in environment, birds in the reserve are divided into 5 communities, 5 communities were compared by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou eveness index and percent similarity index, the , The result have shown that the structure of bird community is in close relationship with the spatial heterogeneity of the environment. The more complexed the spatial pattern and environment are, the bigger the biodiversity is. In addition, the percent similarity index and the number and encounter opportunity of birds among communities are obviously different.