玉米秸秆基吸油材料的制备与表征

以玉米秸秆(RCS)为原料,经氨水预处理得预处理玉米秸秆(PCS),再经乙酸酐酯化改性制备改性玉米秸秆(ECS)吸油材料,并考察不同酯化条件对产物吸油性能的影响。结果表明:RCS、PCS(预处理6 h)对0~#柴油的吸收倍率分别为1.90和4.43 g/g;以冰乙酸为溶剂,冰乙酸与乙酸酐质量比为1∶1,秸秆与冰乙酸-乙酸酐混合液的质量比为1∶15,催化剂浓硫酸用量为4.5%(以秸秆质量计),反应温度为110℃条件下,酯化反应5 h所得改性产物ECS的吸油率可达9.03 g/g,且ECS疏水性和漂浮性能均得到显著改善。采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM和BET等方法对预处理前后及酯化改性后秸秆进行了分析与表征。结果表明:酯化反应已顺利进行,酯化改性后秸秆呈非晶态,ECS呈均匀的介孔结构,介孔及粗糙表面的出现提高了材料的吸油率和漂浮性能。

Preparation and Characterization of Oil AbsorbentMaterial Derived from Corn Stalk

By using raw corn stalk (RCS) as staring material, PCS was pretreated with ammonia water and then employed to perform esterification with acetic anhydride.Thus, the oil absorbent materials derived from raw corn stalk (ECS) was obtained.The effect of esterification condition on the performance of oil absorption was also investigated.The results indicated that the oil absorbency of the RCS and PCS (pretreated for 6 h) to 0# diesel were 1.90 and 4.43 g/g, respectively.The oil absorbency of the obtained ECS material could be 9.03 g/g which was prepared under the following esterification conditions: acetic acid as solvent, m(acetic acid)∶m(acetic anhydride)=1, m(corn stalk)∶m(liquid mixture)=1∶15,4.5 % H2SO4 as catalyst (base on the mass of PCS), reaction temperature 110 ℃ and reaction time 5 h.The obtained ECS displayed a remarkably increase in hydrophobicity and floating ability after esterification modification.The RCS, PCS and ECS were analyzed and characterized by BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM.The results showed that the esterification reaction was carried out smoothly.the corn stalk after esterification modified presents amorphous state.and ECS even exhibits mesoporous structure.Additionally, the appearances of mesoporous structure and rough morphology were helpful to improve the oil absorbency and floating ability of the ECS.