基于人体脊柱形态的床垫舒适性测试与评价方法探讨

床垫作为睡眠工具,每天与人体密切接触的时间超过8 h,对人体脊柱健康有重要影响。选择适合自身体型特征的床垫有利于保持脊柱形态,提升人体睡眠舒适性。为评价床垫的人体舒适性,利用人体脊柱形态测量仪,通过建立4项评价指标:站卧脊柱形态吻合度、腰背间隙差、臀背倾角差及脊柱曲度差,对5名被试者在8款弹簧床垫上仰卧脊柱形态与站姿脊柱形态的差异进行分析。结果表明,本研究建立的4项评价指标对卧姿脊柱形态的变化起到了客观的评价作用。对于不分区床垫,脊柱形态的个体特征是影响站卧脊柱形态差异性和人体就卧舒适性的主要原因,床垫软硬度是次要因素。不分区床垫不利于维持正常的人体生理曲度。5名被试者中,臀部更凸的被试者适合不分区床垫的使用,背部更凸的被试者不适合不分区床垫的使用,背臀等凸的被试者较适合不分区床垫的使用。床垫硬度直接影响人体背部脊柱形态,硬床垫使人体背部脊柱曲度逐渐变直。床垫软硬度对人体腰部和臀部的支撑效应受个体特征的影响呈现出不同的变化。

Investigation on the test and evaluation methods of health and comfort performance of mattress based on human spine shape

As a sleep tool,mattress is in close contact with the human body for more than 8 hours per day,which has an important impact on health of the human spine.Choosing a mattress that suits your body’s characteristics is not only conducive to maintaining the shape of the spine,but also conducive to improve the comfort of human sleep.In order to evaluate the human comfort of the mattress,in this study,four evaluation indexes were set up using the human spine shape measuring instrument,including the degree of coincidence between the standing and lying spine shape,the gap between waist and back,the inclination angle between the hip and the back and the curvature of the human spine,for analyzing the difference of the standing and lying shape of supine of five subjects on eight types of spring mattresses.Based on these indexes,the factors influencing the difference of stand recumbent column were investigated.The results show that the four evaluation indexes established in this study can objectively evaluate the changes of the shape of the recumbent spine.Simultaneously,the individual character of the spine morphology is the main reason that affects the difference of the spine morphology and the comfort of human body lying on the floor.The softness of the mattress is a secondary factor affecting the morphological differences of standing and lying spine.Undivided mattresses are not conducive to maintain a normal physiological curvature of the human body.Among the five subjects,the subjects with convex buttocks are suitable for the use of mattresses without subzone,the subjects with convex backsides are not suitable for the use of mattresses without subzone,and the subjects with same convex back and buttocks are more suitable for the use of mattresses without subzone.In terms of the local support of the mattress to the human body,the hardness of the mattress directly affects the shape of the back supine,and the curvature of the back supine gradually straightens with the hard mattress.The supporting effect of the hard mattress on the waist and buttocks of human body varies with individual characteristics.