竹炭陶的制备及其气体吸附和调湿性能

基于开发和利用生物质竹炭材料,以竹炭粉、凹凸棒、硅藻土等为原料,制备竹炭陶瓷复合材料,从而避免传统炭吸附材料易碎和粉尘污染的缺点。首先,将原料通过陶瓷造粒工艺制备成直径为2~5 mm的小球;然后,在N 2气氛中1250℃下烧结为竹炭陶小球,并对其结构和吸附性能进行了研究。XRD测试结果表明,竹炭陶瓷复合材料在烧结前后并未改变竹炭陶晶体结构。原料的SEM测试结果表明,竹炭粉在微观结构上存在1μm左右的大孔,其中硅藻土的微观形貌为多孔圆盘状结构,圆盘的直径分布在20~50μm,孔道直径在0.1~1.2μm;竹炭陶的SEM测试结果表明,断面结构疏松多孔,经过复合和烧结后,仍然保持了原有的孔道结构,保障了竹炭陶的吸附性能。BET法测试结果表明,竹炭陶的比表面积达到118.54 m^2/g。吸附性能测试表明,竹炭陶对水分吸附率达到22.0%,对甲醛、氨气及硫化氢等有害气体的吸附率分别达到87.7%,94.6%和96.3%。实验结果表明,竹炭陶具有良好的吸湿和气体吸附性能,是一种良好的空气净化材料,在室内环境和水处理等方面具有广阔的应用前景。

Preparation of bamboo charcoal pottery and its gas adsorption and humidity regulation performance

Based on the development and utilization of biomass materials of bamboo charcoal,the bamboo charcoal pottery was prepared using bamboo charcoal powder,palygorskite,and diatomite,to address the drawbacks of traditional carbon adsorption materials such as fragility and dust pollution.Firstly,the ceramic pellets with a diameter of 2-5 mm was prepared through the ceramic granulation process,and then sintered into bamboo charcoal pottery at 1250℃in N 2 atmosphere.Secondly,its microstructure and adsorption properties were examined.The XRD test results showed that the crystal structure of the bamboo charcoal pottery did not change before and after the sintering.It was indicated that the sintering did not change its structure and guaranteed the adsorption performance of the bamboo charcoal.The morphology of the raw materials was tested by SEM,and the results showed that the bamboo charcoal powder had macro pores of about 1μm in the microstructure.The morphology of diatomite was disc-like structure with porous.The diameter of the disc was about 20-50μm,and the diameter of the pore was about 0.1-1.2μm.The morphology of the palygorskite was a needle-like structure with a diameter of 50-100 nm and a length of 500-1000 nm.The SEM examination results showed that the cross-sectional structure of the bamboo charcoal pottery was loose and porous,and the original pore structure still maintained unchanged after the sintering,which ensured its adsorption performance.The BET test results showed that the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal pottery reached 118.54 m^2/g,and its adsorption curve was consistent with the Type IV isotherm adsorption.The adsorption performance test showed that the adsorption rates of harmful gases such as formaldehyde,ammonia and hydrogen sulfide reached 87.7%,94.6%and 96.3%,respectively.The water absorption rates of the bamboo charcoal and bamboo charcoal pottery were 5.1%and 22.0%,respectively.It can be seen that the water absorption rate was 4.3 times higher than that of the raw bamboo charcoal.This indicated that it had good moisture absorption and gas adsorption properties and could be a good air purification material.By using this method,the powdered bamboo charcoal can meet the requirements of recycling,which will broaden the applications in indoor environment and water treatments.