部分发达国家草地碳汇近况及启示

2020年9月和12月，习近平总书记分别在联合国大会和气候雄心峰会上对我国应对气候变化作出重要宣示，对我国林草应对气候变化提出了明确要求，为推进林草碳汇创造了良好机遇。与森林碳汇相比，草地碳汇尚未得到重视和充分研究，而数据显示草地碳汇潜力巨大。美国、欧盟、澳大利亚、日本等从基础研究、方法学体系、碳汇项目试点、完善政策等方面对草地碳汇已进行了较为深入的探索，积累了一定经验。我国草地碳汇潜力巨大，具备了进一步发展的基础条件，将草地碳汇纳入碳市场可助力草原生态建设和生态产品价值实现。为此，我国应充分学习借鉴国外有益经验，进一步加强草地碳汇研究，完善草地碳汇的法律法规、标准、监测核证体系、方法学等基础准备工作，在内蒙古自治区等地启动草地碳汇交易试点，在试点基础上逐步推动草地碳汇纳入碳市场；同时，不断创新完善碳汇研究、基础准备、试点探索方面的政策，进一步展示我国应对气候变化的决心与行动，为应对气候变化树立样板。

Recent Situation and Enlightenment of Grassland Carbon Sink in Some Developed Countries

In September and December 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping made an important declaration on China's response to climate change, put forward clear requirements for China's forest and grass to deal with climate change, and created a good opportunity to promote forest and grass carbon sink at the United Nations General Assembly and the Climate Ambition Summit. Compared with forest carbon sink, grassland carbon sink (GCS) has not been paid attention to and fully studied, while the data show that grassland carbon sink has great potential. The United States of America, the European Union, Australia, Japan and some other countries have carried on the deep explorations of the GCS from the basic research, the methodology system, the carbon sink project pilot, the policy consummation and so on, and have accumulated certain experiences. The potential of GCS in China is huge and has the basic conditions for further development. Bringing GCS into the carbon market can help grassland ecological construction and the realization of ecological product value. To this end, China should fully learn from the beneficial experiences of foreign countries, further strengthen GCS research, improve the basic preparations for GCS laws, regulations, standards, monitoring and certification systems, methodologies and so on, and initiate GCS trading pilots in Inner Mongolia and other places. On the basis of pilot projects, China should gradually promote the inclusion of GCS in the carbon market, meanwhile, continuously innovate and perfect the policies in terms of GCS research, basic preparations and pilot exploration, further demonstrate the determination and actions in addressing climate change, and set a model for the world.