世界国家公园运动对中国边疆民族地区国家公园建设的启示

国家公园的建设成为保护自然生态环境及生物多样性的重要模式,已经在中国大陆地区生根发芽.历时130多年的世界国家公园运动在法律规制、管理体制、资源利用、资金来源、规划设计等方面积累了宝贵经验,也留下了旅游设施膨胀、景观破坏加剧、生态系统完整性受损、周边环境管理被忽视等教训.中国边疆民族地区国家公园建设应积极借鉴国际经验、吸收相关教训,但不能照搬国外模式,应重视传统文化的保护与利用,注重社区参与能力建设与机制构建,加强建设与运营的监管,推进立法进程,探索多元化资金筹集方式.

Enlightenment of World National Parks Campaign on National Parks Construction in Frontier Minorities Area of China

National Park has become an important mode in protection of natural ecological environment and biological diversity,and has rooted in mainland China.Lasted for more than 130 years,the world National Parks campaign has accumulated valuable experience in legal regulation,management system,resource utilization,funding,planning and design etc.,while it has also left lessons in expansion of tourist facilities,increased damages to landscape and ecological system integrity,as well as ignored surrounding environment management.The Construction of National Parks in frontier minorities areas of China should actively learn experience from international practice and absorb related lessons.However,we shall not simply copy foreign mode but pay attention to the protection and utilization of traditional culture.Importance shall also be attached to the building of community participation capacity and mechanisms,strengthening the supervision of construction and operation,promoting the legislation process,and exploring diversified fund raising.