文峪河流域景观格局动态及其驱动力分析

以文峪河流域为研究对象,分析流域2000—2018年景观格局数量动态的面积、转移及速度特征。从斑块类型尺度与景观尺度2个层面选取景观指数分析流域近18年的景观格局动态,并在流域尺度上沿城市—林区梯度线分析沿线景观格局指数的梯度分布,基于数量统计模型对景观格局动态驱动力进行研究。结果表明,流域耕地、林地、草地面积有所减少,向其余地类支出面积,水域、建设用地、未利用地面积增加,向其余地类吸收面积,不同地类土地转移、变化速度情况不同。不同景观类型的格局动态不同,流域整体景观破碎化程度增加,连通性下降、景观规则度下降、景观核心面积下降,不同景观指数的梯度分布特征不同。自然驱动因子、社会驱动因子对流域景观格局变化均具有驱动作用,文峪河流域的景观动态在过去18年间经历了快速、复杂的变化,社会经济驱动因子是景观格局演变的主要驱动力量,经济与人口发展、产业结构及工业化进程是文峪河流域景观格局演变的重要驱动力量。

Landscape Pattern Dynamics and Driving Forces in Wenyu River Basin

This paper analyzed the area,transfer and speed characteristics of quantitative dynamics of landscape pattern in Wenyu River basin from 2000 to 2018,selected landscape indexes from patch type scale and landscape scale to analyze the landscape pattern dynamics in recent 18 years,and studied the gradient distribution of landscape pattern index along the city-forest area on the watershed scale and the dynamic driving forces of landscape pattern based on quantitative statistical model.The results showed that the area of cultivated land,forest land,grassland reduced,giving area to the rest of the land,and the area of water,construction land,unused land increased,absorbing area from the other land.The speed of land transfer and change of different land types was different.The pattern dynamics of different landscape types were different.The degree of landscape fragmentation increased,the connectivity decreased,the landscape regularity decreased,and the landscape core area decreased.The gradient distribution characteristics of different landscape indexes were different.Both natural and social factors played a driving role in the change of landscape pattern.The landscape dynamic of Wenyu River basin had experienced rapid and complex changes in the past 18 years.The socio-economic factor was the main driving force and the economic and population development,industrial structure and industrialization process were the important driving forces of landscape pattern evolution in Wenyu River basin.