木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。

Relationship between Stamen Characteristics and Breeding Strategy of Bombax malabaricum

The structure,stamen characteristics and pollen activity of Bombax malabaricum in Lengdun Village,Gejiu City,Yunnan Province were studied by field observation and laboratory test.The results showed that the morphological characteristics of flowers in the natural population had certain variability,and the variation coefficient of the three-layer stamens was significant.The pollen activity was the strongest at the humidity of 60%and the temperature of 35℃.The changes in stamen length of Bombax malabaricum might be beneficial to the pollination efficiency and adaptability of pollinators.The high-level stamens of Bombax malabaricum had large individual anthers,numerous pollen and high activity,which were suitable for pollination and propagation conditions in dry and hot valleys.The pollen viability of the bottom anther was relatively high when the temperature was low,which could provide the source of backup pollen after the damage of the high-level anther in the adverse environment.This paper discussed the relationship between the morphology and breeding of Bombax malabaricum,and the influence of the morphology and pollen vitality on breeding.