猕猴桃采后病害植物源杀菌剂的筛选及其抑菌效果分析

【目的】为寻找对猕猴桃果实软腐病主要病原菌具有较佳抑菌效果的植物源保鲜剂(植物提取物),以促进猕猴桃产业健康、可持续的发展。【方法】以猕猴桃葡萄座腔菌和间座壳菌为供试真菌,选择120种具有抗菌抑菌作用的药用植物的丙酮提取物,采用牛津杯法对其离体抑菌活性进行了测定。【结果】在供试药材(生药)提取物的质量浓度为1.0 g/mL的条件下进行初筛,得到了20余种具有较强抑菌作用的植物品种;在以丁香、肉桂、零陵香、黄芩、油茶粕、广藿香、石菖蒲、迷迭香、黄连、凤仙透骨草、山苍子等植物的提取物处理后,2种病原真菌的抑菌圈直径均可达15 mm以上;其中丁香和肉桂的抑菌效果最好,其生药提取物的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度均较低,分别为3.125与62.5 mg/mL;其次是细辛、葡萄籽、川芎、毛蕨、苦参、麻黄根、皂角刺、荆芥、独活、杜仲、五加皮等物种,其生药提取物的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别约为10.0、150 mg/mL。当肉桂、丁香、黄芩提取物的浓度达到2.0 mg/mL时,此3种植物提取物处理组的间座壳菌菌丝干质量均在0.05 mg以下,而其葡萄座腔菌菌丝干质量均在0.1 mg以下;当提取物的处理浓度达到2.0 mg/mL时,肉桂、丁香、黄芩提取物处理组的果实发病率与对照之间分别大约相差31.94%、41.24%、37.60%,说明各处理均能有效降低猕猴桃果实的发病率。【结论】植物提取物作为一种新型植物源保鲜剂为猕猴桃果实长期高效、绿色、环保贮藏提供了方向,具有一定的实用意义。

Screening of plant-derived fungicides for postharvest diseases in Actinidia chinensis and analysis on their antibacterial effects

【Objective】To find a plant-derived preservative(plant extract)with better antibacterial effect on main pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot,and to promote healthy and sustainable development of kiwifruit industry.【Mehods】Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe were used as tested fungi,acetone extracts of 120 kinds of medicinal plants with antibacterial activity were selected,and their antibacterial activity in vitro was determined by using Oxford cup method.【Result】Under the condition of 1.0 g/mL extract(crude drug),more than 20 species with strong antibacterial effects were obtained through initially screening.After treating with extracts from Syzygium aromaticu,Cinnamomum cassia,Lysimachia foenum,Scutellaria baicalensis,Camellia oleifera meal,Pogostemon cablin,Acorus tatarinowii,Rosmarinus officinalis,Coptis chinensis,Caulis impatientis and Litsea cubeba,diameters of antibacterial circles of two pathogenic fungi can reach above 15 mm.Antibacterial effects of S.aromaticu and C.cassia are the best,and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of crude drug extracts respectively are 3.125 and 62.5 mg/mL,followed by Asarum sieboldii,Vitis vinifera seed,Ligusticum chuanxiong,Cyclosorus interruptus,Sophora flavescens,Ephedra sinica,Gleditsia sinensis prick,Nepeta cataria,Heracleum hemsleyanum,Eucommia ulmoides,Acanthopanax gracilistylus,and so on.The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of their crude drug extracts respectively are about 10.0 and 150 mg/mL.When extract concentration of S.aromaticu,C.cassia and S.lateriflora reach 2.0 mg/mL,all dry mycelium mass of Diaporthe in the three plant extract treatment groups is less than 0.05 mg,while that of Botryosphaeria dothidea is less than 0.1 mg.When extract concentration reaches 2.0 mg/mL,fruit incidences in S.aromaticu,C.cassia and S.lateriflora extract treatment groups are respectively lower about 31.94%,41.24%and 37.60%than that in the control.It indicates that there treatments can effectively reduce incidence of kiwifruit fruit.【Conclusion】As a new plant-derived preservative,plant extracts provide a direction and have practical significance for long-term,high-efficiency,green and environment-friendly storage of kiwifruit fruit.