库尔勒香梨园土壤氨挥发速率及累积规律

为了掌握库尔勒香梨园土壤氨挥发特征与挥发损失量,以6年树龄库尔勒香梨园为研究对象,采用密闭式集气法对香梨整个生育期的香梨园土壤氨挥发速率及累积量进行研究。结果表明:施肥、灌溉及温度对库尔勒香梨园土壤氨挥发有显著影响。氨挥发速率在一天内的变化,由于温度的影响而具体表现为下午(16:00~20:00)、中午(12:00~16:00)、早上(8:00~12:00)、夜间(20:00~08:00)挥发速率依次降低,并在施肥后的第4天下午(16:00~20:00)时达到最大值0.032 kg/(hm~2·h);氨挥发日累积量在不施肥的情况下随着香梨生育期的推进而逐渐减少,最后趋于平稳。而在4月1日和6月1日对试验样地进行施肥后,氨挥发日累积量明显增加,在4月5日和6月5日分别达到0.411和0.318 kg/(hm~2·d)。在每个月10日对试验样地进行灌水后,氨挥发日累积量明显增加,在5月15日达到最大值0.24 kg/(hm~2·d);氨挥发月累积量在基施肥处理的4月和追施肥处理的6月较大,分别达到9.086和7.619 kg/(hm~2·m)。在香梨整个生育期内,氨挥发累积量达到36.52 kg/hm~2,占总施肥量的12.17%,损失量较大。

Ammonia volatilization rates and cumulative regular in soil of Korla fragrant pear orchard

In order to grasp the ammonia volatilization characteristics and volatilization loss in soil of Korla fragrant pear orchard, using a 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear orchard as the experimental object, the ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative amount in soil of Korla fragrant pear orchard were researched with the closed gas gathering method during the whole growing period of Korla fragrant pear. The results showed that the ammonia volatilization in soil of Korla fragrant pear orchard was signiifcantly impacted by the three factors of fertilization, irrigation and temperature. Because of the temperature changed, the order was afternoon (16:00-20:00), noon (12:00-16:00), morning (8:00-12:00), night (20:00-08:00) in a day based on ammonia volatilization rate from high to low, and the ammonia volatilization rate reached the maximum value 0.032 kg/(hm2·h) in the afternoon (16:00-20:00) of the fourth day after fertilization. The diurnal cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was reduced gradually with the growth progress of Korla fragrant pear, in the case of no fertilization, and ifnally tended to be stable. After fertilization on April 1 and June 1, the diurnal cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization in the tested sample plots were obviously increased, and reached 0.411 and 0.318 kg/(hm2·d) on April 5 and June 5. After irrigation on the 10th of each month, the diurnal cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization in the tested sample plots were obviously increased, and reached the maximum value 0.24 kg/(hm2·d) on May 15. The monthly cumulative amounts of ammonia volatilization in April and June were higher than other months, because of based fertilizer and chased fertilizer, and reached 9.086 and 7.619 kg/(hm2·m) respectively.During the whole growth period of Korla fragrant pear, the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization reached 36.52 kg/hm2, accounted for 12.17% of the total amount of fertilization, so the loss was larger.