不同沙棘品种物候期及果实主要性状调查

为给辽宁省建平县沙棘资源的恢复与重建提供参考依据,对建平县主栽的12个沙棘品种的物候期及果实主要性状进行了调查,并对果实中可溶性糖、可滴定酸、总酚和类黄酮含量等生理指标进行了测定,还根据沙棘加工企业对其果实营养成分的利用范围对各品种果实的加工品质进行了综合评价。结果表明:1)供试的12个沙棘品种均于3月下旬开始萌动,4月中旬开始展叶,5月上中旬新梢开始生长,9月中旬新梢停止生长,4月中下旬进入花期,其花期持续4~8d;‘中红果’‘中黄果’‘深秋红’和‘雪地黄’于9月上中旬陆续成熟,其余品种均于8月上旬成熟。中国沙棘叶片于10月中旬开始变色,11月中旬全部落光;大果沙棘叶片于9月上中旬开始变色,10月中下旬全落。2)不同沙棘品种果实主要性状变异较为丰富,其变异系数为7.19%~28.92%,各性状指标的变异系数从大到小依次为:果形指数(28.92%)>百果质量(25.44%)>果实纵径(20.46%)>果实横径(7.19%)。3)百果质量与果实纵径间呈极显著正相关,即果实纵径越大,百果质量则越大。4)各品种果实加工品质的综合评分由大到小依次为:‘雪地黄’>‘巨人’>‘深秋红’>‘乌兰格木’>‘楚伊’>‘向阳’>‘阜欧’>‘中黄果’>‘俄3号’>‘中红果’。结合分析果实的主要性状和加工品质后认为,不论是对于满足沙棘加工企业的需求还是对于建平县沙棘资源的恢复与重建而言,‘雪地黄’和‘深秋红’两个品种都是较好的选择。

Investigation on phenological periods and main fruit characteristics of different cultivars of seabuckthorn

In order to provide some references for restoration and reconstruction of seabuckthorn resources in Jianping area, Liaoning Province, phenological periods and main fruit characteristics of 12 main cultivars of seabuckthorn were investigated in Jianping area, and contents of soluble sugar, titratable acid, total phenol and flavonoid in fruits were determined. Fruit processing quality of each cultivar was comprehensively evaluated based on utilized ranges of fruit nutrients by processing enterprises. The results showed that: 1) All of the tested 12 cultivars began to sprout in late March, leaves began to be expanded in mid-April, new shoots began to grow in early and mid-May, and new shoots stopped growing in mid-September. Flowering period began in mid- and last April, and lasted for 4-8 days. Fruits of ‘Zhonghongguo’,‘Zhonghuangguo’,‘Shenqiuhong’ and ‘Xuedihuang’ ripened in succession in early and mid-September, and ones of other cultivars ripened in early August. In mid-October, leaf color in H. rhamnoide ssp. sinensis began to change, and all leaves fell in mid-November. However, leaf color of cultivars with big fruits began to change in ealy and mid-September, and all leaves fell in mid- and late October. 2) Main fruit characteristics of different cultivars had richer variation, and variation coefficients ranged from 7.09% to 28.92%. Based on variation coefficient from high to low, order of each characteristic indexes was fruit shape index (28.92%), hundred fruit mass (25.44%), fruit longitudinal diameter (20.46%), fruit transverse diameter (7.19%). 3) There was a very significant positive correlation between hundred fruit mass and fruit longitudinal diameter, larger fruit longitudinal diameter, and greater hundred fruit mass. 4) Based on comprehensive scores of fruit processing quality from high to low, order of each cultivar was ‘Xuedihuang’,‘Juren’,‘Shenqiuhong’,‘Wulangemu’,‘Chuyi’,‘Xiangyang’,‘Fuou’,‘Zhonghuangguo’,‘Russia No.3’,‘zhonghongguo’. In consideration of main fruit characteristics and processing quality, both ‘Xuedihuang’ and ‘Shenqiuhong’ were better choices for meeting needs of seabuckthorn processing enterprises and for restoration and reconstruction of seabuckthorn resources in Jianping County.