云杉种和种源生长性状早期评价

目的]通过对引种的云杉种和种源试验林的适应性和生长变异研究,选育出最适合当地栽培的优良种和种源。方法]以甘肃省小陇山沙坝试验基地引种的欧洲云杉、黑云杉、白云杉、蓝云杉、红皮云杉和青海云杉6个树种20个种源为研究对象,分别对6、7、9 a幼林龄的生长性状(树高、地径、新梢和冠幅)进行方差分析和相关性分析,以早期评价云杉种和种源。结果]6、7、9 a生长期内不同云杉种间和种源间的差异多数达到极显著,表明不同种间和种源间存在较大的遗传变异。利用树高兼地径为主要指标筛选出7个优良种源,分别为欧洲云杉加拿大AB01、AB03种源、白云杉加拿大GL01种源;黑云杉加拿大MA05、MA07、MA08和MA10种源,树高、地径现实增益均超过11%。欧洲云杉、白云杉种源树高与经纬度呈极显著的正相关,与海拔呈极显著的负相关;黑云杉种源树高也与经纬度呈极显著的正相关,但与海拔相关不显著。结论]在原产地纬度49°16'～58°38'N,经度68°13'～118°24'W区域范围内引进欧洲云杉、白云杉、黑云杉种源,是适宜在甘肃小陇山栽培的云杉树种。

Early Evaluation of Growth Traits of Picea Species and Provenances

Objective] The adaption and growth variation of the species and provenances in Picea were tested in order to select the suitable species and provenances for interior cultivation.Method] Early evaluation experiments in twenty provenances of six species including Picea abies, P. mariana, P. glauca, P. pungens, P. koraiensis and P. crassfolia in Xiaolongshan Shaba Experimental Base in Gansu province were carried out. The variation and correlation were made on the height, diameter at ground-level (Dg), height increment and crown at 6, 7 and 9 years old.Result] The differences among the growth traits of the species and provenances in Picea at the age of 6, 7 and 9 years old were all extremely significant, indicating larger genetic variation existed among the species and provenances. Seven elite provenances were selected using height and diameter as the main traits. The realized genetic gain of their height and diameter were bigger than 11%. There was significantly positive correlation between height and latitude or longitude for P. abies, P. glauca and P. mariana. The average height of P. abies or P. glauca had negative correlation with the elevation, but no correlation between the average height of P. mariana and elevation.Conclusion] The best provenances of P. abies, P. glauca, and P. mariana derived from latitude 49°16''~58°38''N and longitude 68°13''~118°24''W are suitable to be introduced and cultivated in Xiaolongshan of Gansu province.