黄土高原水土流失严重地区植被恢复策略分析

以晋西黄土高原地区为例，对黄土高原水土流失严重地区植被恢复的现状和前景进行了全面而细致的分析，提出土石山次生林区应实行“封山育林为主，辅之以人工措施”植被恢复策略。在土层浅薄、坡度较陡的生态脆弱地段，需要进行长期的植被封育；在土层深厚而且坡度平缓地段，可适当辅之以人工措施，包括人工抚育，以及补植或补造有经济价值的乡土树种等。当前土石山区次生林经营管理中急需解决的问题是提高林分质量，加强管护力度；黄土丘陵区应该实行封山禁牧或轮牧、围栏圈养以及陡坡地退耕等措施，这是植被恢复的前提和基础。同时，对黄土丘陵区恢复和建设森林植被的可能性进行了分析和探讨。最后指出只有转变农村传统的以破坏生态环境为代价的粗放生产经营方式，长期坚持植被封育和保护为主的策略，结合人工营造乡土树种为主的森林群落，晋西黄土高原地区才有可能恢复原来的森林植被景观，真正实现该地区的植被重建和水土流失的根治。

Anylysis of Vegetation Restoration Strategies in Severe Soil Erosion Area of the Loess Plateau in China

The severe soil erosion area of Loess Plateau is mainly located at the middle reaches of the Yellow River,and the western part of Shanxi Province is one of the typical parts. In this paper, the current situation and prospect of vegetation restoration was analyzed in that area. The western part of Shanxi Province as the emphasis area of national soil ecology management, the vegetation restoration and construction has achieved some effect. But serve soil erosion trend wasn't be kept within limits, the strategy and technique of vegetation construction also had many problems.We discussed the problem, counter measure and future prospect of vegetation restoration. The western area of Shanxi Loess Plateau can be categorized into two parts by the geomorphic and vegetation features, one was earth-rocky forest zone mainly in the east of this region; the other was loess agricultural zone in the west by the Yellow River. Earth-rocky forest zone should close the hillsides to facilitate afforestation, This paper bring forward closing the hillsides to facilitate afforestation was the main instrumentality and the artificial promotion measures was assistant instrumentality as the long-term management strategy of secondary forest region.Otherwise the loess zone should prohibit pasture outside on hillside, or carry out rotation grazing. The level of the management and technique of artificial aforestation should be enhanced in time. For the target of reconstructing the vegetation of this area, we must change the extensive management of the economy. The policy of protection and closing the land should be attached enough importance to, we also should use more native trees than exotic trees. Only through these measures, the vegetation restoration and controlling the soil erosion may come true in the area of the western Shanxi Province.