红壤退化地杨梅林土壤对养分补偿的响应

2016年在福建省长汀县河田镇车寮村杨梅园以东魁杨梅(Myrica rubra cv.DongKui)林为试验材料,在了解当地东魁杨梅的栽培情况及对林下土壤养分分析的基础上,开展复合肥、菌肥、磷肥、菌肥+磷肥4种土壤养分补偿试验,分析0~20、20~40 cm土层对不同土壤养分补偿方式的响应。结果表明:在pH值响应上,0~20、20~40 cm土层施用菌肥、磷肥均与对照差异显著,施用菌肥、菌肥+磷肥与对照差异较小。其中以施用磷肥的pH值最高(4.78),施用菌肥的pH值最低(4.39),其它处理的pH值均有小幅度提高。施菌肥可以明显提高土壤中有机质、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,0~20 cm土层有机质、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比对照提高13.7%、19.0%、18.4%、572.1%、29.4%,20~40 cm土层分别比对照提高11.0%、23.5%、5.7%、465.3%、84.8%,在全磷、速效磷和速效钾中存在显著差异。施菌肥+磷肥可以提高土壤中全钾、速效氮、速效钾的含量,其中对提高全钾含量效果最明显,0~20、20~40 cm土层中速效氮含量分别提高17.3%、110.2%,速效钾含量分别提高63.5%、96.9%。通过主成分分析得出,0~20 cm土层以施菌肥的综合效果最显著,20~40 cm土层以施菌肥+磷肥的综合效果最显著。

Response of Myrica rubra soil to Nutrient Compensation in Red Soil Degraded Land

In this article,Myrica rubra cv.DongKui,Changting County,Fujian Province,was used as test materials in 2016.Based on understanding the cultivation of local M.rubra and analyzing of soil nutrients in the forest,a compound fertilizer,bacteria fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer,bacterial fertilizer+phosphate fertilizer,four kinds of soil nutrient compensation experiments,and the response of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers to different soil nutrient compensation methods was analyzed.The results showed that:in the pH response,the application of bacteria fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers were significantly different from CK,while the application of bacteria fertilizer,bacteria fertilizer+phosphate fertilizer had little differences from CK.Among them,The pH value of phosphate fertilizer was the highest(4.78),and the pH value of bacteria fertilizer was the lowest(4.39).The pH values of other treatments are slightly increased.Bacterial fertilization can significantly increase the content of organic matter,total phosphorus,available nitrogen available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil.The contents of organic matter,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the 0~20 cm soil layer were respectively increased by 13.7%,19.0%,18.4%,572.1%and 29.4%compared with CK.The same contents in the 20~40 cm soil layer increased by 11.0%,23.5%,5.7%,465.3%,84.8%compared with CK.Therefore there are significant differences in total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and available potassium.Bacterial fertilizer+phosphate fertilizer can increase the content of total potassium,available nitrogen,and available potassium in the soil.The effect of total potassium content was the most obvious.The available nitrogen content in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers increased by 17.3%and 110.2%compared with CK.The available potassium content increased by 63.5%and 96.9%compared with CK.According to the principal component analysis,the comprehensive effect of fertilizing fertilizer in the 0~20 cm soil layer is the most significant.The effect of applying bacterial fertilizer+phosphate fertilizer is the most significant in the 20~40 cm.