中国竹类多样性及其重要价值

竹类属于禾本科Gramineae（Poaceae）、竹亚科Bambusoideae植物，全世界约1 500多种。中国竹类的自然分布广阔，横跨热带、亚热带和温带地区，涵盖包括台湾、香港在内的21个有竹子分布的省、自治区、直辖市和特区。中国是世界上竹类多样性最丰富的国家，也是世界上栽培竹类最丰富的国家，共有竹类植物753种（含22种引进种），约占世界总数的50%以上。同时，中国竹类在起源、遗传进化、内部构造、生态及林型等方面均具有十分丰富的多样性。中国竹类从宏观到微观所展现出的多样性特质，是大自然留给人类的宝贵遗产，对于人类认识自然、保护自然、从而更好的利用竹类资源服务于人类的长远利益，具有重要价值。文章从起源、生态、林型、物种、形态、遗传等方面概述了中国竹类的多样性，为进一步探讨竹类多样性提供基础信息。

Diversity and Important Value of Bamboos in China

Bamboo belongs to Bambusoideae, Gramineae (Poaceae). There are about 1 500 bamboo species around the world. The bamboo plants are widely distributed in China, ranging from the north to the south, spanning through the tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, and covering 21 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and special economic zones, including Taiwan and Hong Kong. China is the country with the richest bamboo diversity and also the most abundant cultivating bamboo plantations in the world. Including 22 introduced species, China has a total of 753 bamboo species, which accounts for more than 50% of the world total bamboo species. Bamboo in China is rich not only in species diversity, but also in the origin, genetic evolution, internal structure, ecology and forest types. The diversity of bamboo at macro and micro levels is the legacy left by the nature to human beings, and also of great value for people to know and protect the nature and use the bamboo resources for the long-term interests of people. The article summarizes the diversity of bamboo in China in terms of species origin, ecology, forest type, morphology and genetics, which provides basic information for further discussion of bamboo diversity.