丛生竹林下竹荪富硒菌棒覆土栽培技术

在丛生竹林下对不同基质配方和硒浓度菌棒进行埋棒栽培以及覆土方式栽培试验，结果表明，菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪产量及其营养成分有显著影响，而且三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式有利于提高竹荪产量。改良基质配方菌棒竹荪产量比常规配方提高约50%；在添加外源硒质量分数为0~2.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内，竹荪子实体产量先随着硒浓度的增加而逐渐增加后再有所降低，基质中添加1.5 mg/kg硒肥比不添加产量提高了195.30%。基质中添加硒质量分数为1.0~2.0 mg/kg的硒肥可以较显著地提高竹荪花的硒含量，其干物质中硒含量平均值从约2.50 mg/kg提高到8.05~13.30 mg/kg，外源硒肥利用率达到9.70%~15.36%。菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪子实体的粗蛋白及粗多糖含量有明显影响，改良配方竹荪蛋与竹荪花的粗蛋白含量是常规配方的1.21和1.29倍，其粗多糖含量是常规配方的4.81和1.35倍；基质中添加硒肥与不添加硒肥相比，竹荪蛋与竹荪花中粗蛋白含量分别增加了40.90%和14.30%。在硒质量分数为1.0 mg/kg的竹荪菌棒林下覆土栽培试验中，三列浅沟形覆土方式单位面积鲜竹荪蛋产量最高，为10.27 kg/m²；双列龟背形覆土方式单个菌棒的鲜竹荪蛋产量最高，达1.40 kg。三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式基质生物转化率分别为93.00%和94.14%，达到了较高水平。

Soil-covering Cultivation Technique of Selenium-enriched Dictyophora indusiate Spawn under Sympodial Bamboo Forest

The soil-covering mushroom spawn cultivation and casing methods are experimented with different matrix formulas and different selenium content under sympodial bamboo forest. The results show that cultivation matrix has a significant effect on the yield and nutrients of Dictyophora indusiate, and two casing methods of three-line shallow grooves and double turtle-back shape are conducive to improving the yield of D. indusiate. The yield of improved matrix increases by about 50% compared with conventional matrix. The yield increases first with the increase of selenium concentration and then decreases when the content of added selenium falls in the range of 0-2.0 mg/kg. By adding 1.5 mg/kg selenium in matrix, the yield is 195.30% higher than that without selenium adding. Adding 1.0-2.0 mg/kg selenium in the matrix could significantly increase averagely the selenium content in D. indusiate flowers, under which the selenium content in dry mass could grow from 2.50 mg/kg to 8.05-13.30 mg/kg, and the utilization rate of added selenium fertilizer could be 9.70%-15.36%. Different cultivation matrix formulas have a significant effect on content of crude polysaccharide and crude protein in D. indusiate fruiting bodies. The crude protein content in D. indusiata eggs and flowers in the improved matrix is 1.21 and 1.29 times higher than those in conventional cultivation matrix, and the crude polysaccharide is 4.81 and 1.35 times higher. The crude protein content of D. indusiata eggs and flowers with selenium adding in matrix is 40.90% and 14.30% higher than those without selenium adding. The per-unit-area yield of fresh D. indusiata eggs is the highest if the casing method of three-line shallow grooves is used with the selenium content at 1.0 mg/kg, amounting to 10.27 kg/m², while fresh D. indusiata eggs on a single spawn are the most with the casing method of double turtle-back shape, reaching 1.40 kg. The biotransformation rates of the two casing methods are 93.00% and 94.14%, respectively, which reach a higher level.