施肥对毛竹笋材两用林土壤养分分布与肥力状况的影响

研究了三明市毛竹笋材两用林施肥前后土壤10项养分指标分布特性及施肥后土壤综合养分状况。结果表明:施肥后土壤养分指标变异系数为3.2%~76.5%,属弱变异至中等变异程度;除pH值、全磷含量偏斜量绝对值小于5%之外,其它养分指标分布发生不同程度偏斜。应用主成分分析法,取前3个主成分作为土壤养分的综合指标,土壤的有机质、碱解氮、全氮、速效钾首先反映出土壤养分状况,其次为有效磷,第3为pH值、交换性镁。14个试验处理的土壤养分水平差异较明显,试验处理N2P2K2、N1P2K1、N2P2K1的养分综合得分值最高,而缺素试验处理(N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0)综合得分值分列第11、13、12位,说明氮、磷、钾肥的合理配比施肥可有效提高土壤养分综合水平。

Effects of Fertilization on Soil Nutrient Distribution and Fertility Status of Shoot and Timber Stand of Phyliostachys edulis

The distributing characteristic and synthesized fertility status of 10 soil nutrient indexes were studied in shoot and timber stands of Phyllostachys edulis before and after the fertilization. The result showed that variation coefficients of soil nutrient indexes were in the range of 3.2% - 76.5% after fertilization, and the variation presented as from weak to medium. There were commonly deflections in different degree of the soil nutrient indexes when compared with those before the treatment, except that the deflection of pH value and total phosphorus content were less than 5%. The preceding three principal components were used as composite indicators to reflect the 10 indexes of soil nutrients. The first principal component included organic matter, available nitrogen, total nitrogen and available potassium which can reflect the status of soil nutrients; the second was available phosphorus; and the third were pH value and exchangeable magnesium. The soil nutrient contents were significantly different among 14 treatments. The highest comprehensive scores of soil nutrients were the treatments respectively N2P2K2, N1P2K1 and N2P2K1. The scores of nutrient deficiency treatments （NOP2K2, N2POK2, N2P2K0） were located respectively in the ranks of eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth. The reasonable ratio of N, P, K fertilizer can improve the integrated level of soil nutrients effectively.