三江平原湿地生态环境变化分析

湿地是自然界重要的自然资源和生态系统．近年来．由于全球人口、资源、环境与发展等方面相互矛盾的日趋尖锐,湿地资源的潜力和功能遭受破坏,因此如何评估湿地资源面临的各种压力、分析湿地所处在的状态、揭示湿地的演变规律,对保护湿地起着至关重要的作用．以1986和2000年遥感影像作为信息源,在GIS技术的支持下建立了三江平原湿地空间信息数据库．以压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型作为研究方法,建立了一套湿地生态评价指标体系．通过选取反映压力、状态以及响应等的指标,对该区湿地生态环境的动态变化进行了分析．

Change Analysis of Wetland Eco-environment in Sanjiang Plain

Wetland is a kind of important natural resources and ecosystem. In recent years, the potential and function of wetland have been destroyed by various contradictions among population, resource) environment and development. Therefore, it is vital to protect wetland, to assess and thus reduce all kinds of pressures with which wetland are confronted, to analyze the status of wetland and to explore evolutionary rules. By using GIS and the remote sensing data obtained in 1986 and 2000 as basic information resource, the spatial information database of Sanjiang Plain wetland is established in this paper. A set of assessment indicators of wetland eco-environment is also established according to the pressure-state-response (PSR) model. The dynamic change of wetland eco-environment is analyzed by selecting assessment indicators as pressure, statues and response, etc. Three essential conclusions are drawn as follows. Firstly, because of the human activity during the past 15 years, the area of artificial wetland increased and that of natural wetland decreased. It is a reflection of the decrease of wetland ecosystem service function. Secondly, the changes obviously occur in the structure and status of wetland. The fragileness and degeneration of wetland are very severe. Finally, the response of wetland is that its area is decreasing while the response of human beings is that the area of wetland reserve is increasing.