净化生活污水的浮床植物筛选

【目的】筛选出目前对生活污水净化效果较好的浮床植物。【方法】以14种湖南常见的草本和木本植物为材料,监测了污水处理过程中植物的株高、根系结构和生物量等生长指标,CODcr、TN、NH3-N、TP等水质指标的动态变化,并进行了植物的生长指标与水质净化指标的相关性分析。【结果】1)大部分植物均有较强的生长能力,其中水葱、水蕹菜的株高具有显著性优势(P <0.05);美人蕉、再力花、菖蒲和梭鱼草均表现出极强的生根能力,其根长增长率分别为390%、293.33%、286.67%和270%;植物的生物量增长率在5.1%~500.7%之间,其中菖蒲、美人蕉、水蕹菜和再力花的生物量具有显著性优势(P <0.05)。2)无植物对照组对污染物的去除率明显低于有植物处理组,处理时间的长短对污染物的净化效果具有显著差异性(P <0.05),且主要表现为早期对污染物净化速率快。所有植物处理对CODcr、TN、NH3-N、TP的平均净化率比无植物对照组分别提高了6.30%~36.80%、11.92%~20.97%、22.92%~29.28%、5.51%~41.24%,其中,美人蕉对CODcr的净净化率高达36.80%,水蕹菜对TN、TP的净化效果表现出显著性优势(P <0.05),梭鱼草则对NH3-N具有较好的净化能力。3)根据筛选指标的平均隶属函数值对14种草本和木本植物进行聚类分析,可将植物分为高、中、低净化能力植物三大类,高净化能力植物:梭鱼草、菖蒲、美人蕉、鸢尾、水蕹菜和再力花。中等净化能力植物:花菖蒲、旱伞草、黄菖蒲、花叶芦竹和水葱。低净化能力植物:冬青、女贞和月季。【结论】草本植物中的梭鱼草、菖蒲、美人蕉、鸢尾、水蕹菜和再力花以及木本植物中的冬青对生活污水具有较高的净化能力,适合用作生活污水处理的浮床植物。

Study on screening of floating bed plants to purify domestic sewage

【Objective】In order to screen out the floating bed plants with better purification effect on domestic sewage, 【Method】this study 14 kinds of common herbs and woody plants of Hunan, monitoring the process of sewage treatment plants, such as plant height, root system structure and biomass growth parameters, CODcr, TN, NH3-N, TP the dynamic change of water quality indexes such as, and plant growth index and water quality purification index of correlation analysis.【Result】1) most of the plants were able to grow effectively, and the height of the plants increased significantly(P < 0.05).The root length growth rates of Canna indica, Thalia dealbata, Acorus calamus and Pontederia cordata were 390%, 293.33%, 286.67% and 270%, respectively. The growth rate of plant biomass was between 5.1% and 500.7%, and the biomass increased significantly for Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Ipomoea aquatica and Thalia dealbata(P < 0.05). 2) the removal rate of pollutants in the non-plant control group was significantly lower than that in the plant treatment group, and the treatment time had a significant difference in the purification effect of pollutants(P < 0.05), which was mainly reflected in the rapid purification rate of pollutants in the early stage.The average purification rate of CODcr, TN, NH3-N and TP increased by 6.30%-36.80%, 11.92%-20.97%, 22.92%-29.28% and 5.51%-41.24%, respectively, for all plants, for the control group. 3) according to the average membership function value of the screening index, 14 species of herbs and woody plants were clustered and analyzed, and the plants could be divided into three categories, high-purification capacity plants: Pontederia cordata, Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Iris tectorum Maxim, Ipomoea aquatica and Thalia dealbata. Plants with medium purification capacity: Iris ensata, Cyperus alternifolius, Iris pseudacorus, Arundo donax and Scirpus validus;Low purification plants: Ilex latifolia Thunb, Ligustrum lucidum and Rosa chinensis.【Conclusion】The Pontederia cordata, Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Iris tectorum, Ipomoea aquatica and Thalia dealbata in herbaceous plant and the Ilex latifolia in woody plant had higher purification ability for sewage, which was suitable for the selection of floating bed plant for sewage treatment.