不同水培植物对室内甲醛污染吸收能力的研究

【目的】筛选出甲醛吸收能力强的水培植物类型,为选择室内水培植物净化居室甲醛污染提供科学依据。【方法】采用自主研制的定时调控和记录甲醛质量浓度的熏气试验装置模拟室内甲醛污染环境,对15种水培植物进行甲醛质量浓度分别为10、50、100 mg·m^-3且时长10 h的熏气处理,综合熏气后植物甲醛吸收率和单位叶面积甲醛吸收率,分析不同水培植物吸收甲醛能力的差异。【结果】试验水培植物均吸收甲醛,但吸收能力差异较大,与植物叶片类型存在关系。甲醛质量浓度升高导致植物甲醛吸收率降低,而单位叶面积甲醛吸收率升高,50 mg·m^-3甲醛污染或已接近大部分水培植物吸收甲醛的饱和浓度。【结论】白鹤芋、鹅掌柴、绿萝、吊竹梅、鸟巢蕨、金边吊兰、波士顿蕨、‘绿精灵’合果芋吸收能力较强,是有效、快速净化居室等相对低浓度甲醛污染室内环境的科学选择。

A study on absorptive capacity of different hydroponic plants to indoor formaldehyde pollution

【Objective】Hydroponically cultivated plants with strong formaldehyde absorption capacity were screened out to provide scientific basis for choosing indoor hydroponically cultivated plants to purify formaldehyde pollution in the room.【Method】An indoor formaldehyde pollution environment was simulated by a fumigation apparatus with timing and formaldehyde-concentration control.Hydroponically cultivated plant samples of 15 species were exposed in formaldehyde concentrations of 10 mg·m^-3,50 mg·m^-3,and 100 mg·m^-3 respectively for 10 hours.The difference in formaldehyde absorptive capacity of different hydroponic plants was analyzed by whole formaldehyde absorption rate and formaldehyde absorption rate of per unit leaf area after fumigation.【Result】The results showed that the tested hydroponic plants were able to absorb formaldehyde,but the absorptive effects were discriminate,which was related to the leaf type of plants.And the increase of formaldehyde concentration leads to a decrease in the absorption rate of formaldehyde in plants,but an increase in the formaldehyde absorption rate of per unit leaf area.It seemed that concentration of formaldehyde pollution at 50 mg·m^-3 was close to the saturated concentration of formaldehyde absorption for most hydroponic plants.【Conclusion】It is found that Spathiphyllum floribundum,Schefflera octophylla,Epipremnum aureum,Tradescantia zebrina,Neottopteris nidus,Chlorophytum comosum f.variegata,Nephrolepis exaltata‘Bostoniensis’,Syngonium podophyllum‘Pixie’have strong absorptive capacity.These plants is a scientific choice for effective and rapid purification of formaldehyde in indoor environments where is relatively polluted by lower concentration of formaldehyde.