辽宁地区日本栗养分用量与分配研究

为科学地指导栗树施肥,该文研究了嫁接6~8年生大峰和辽栗10号各器官的年生物量及其分配比例,测定了2个品种各器官的养分含量,计算单株所需养分用量及其相应施肥量。结果表明:嫁接6~8年生栗树的单株平均生物量为:10.64、19.97、29.75 kg,生物量年均递增率达76.59%,同立地、年龄,不同品种间生物量差异很大;在干枝、根、叶、果肉、刺苞、1年生枝、果壳、雄花中的分配依次降低。嫁接7~8年生栗树单株年间养分(N、P2O5、K2O、Ca、Mg)平均吸收量分别为175.87、34.55、68.21、170.88、31.13 g。盛果初期,栗树分配于生殖生长的养分量逐年加大,各器官中,N、P2O5用量最多的是叶片,K2O用量最多的是果肉;树体内各营养元素吸收量占总量的排序NCaKPMg。根据试验分析:每生产100 kg鲜栗果,树体需要施N 3.06 kg、P5O21.50 kg、K2O 1.48 kg,N:P5O2:K2O=2:1:1。这一指标可作为辽宁地区日本栗的科学施肥依据。

Annual nutrient accumulation and translocation properties of Japanese chestnut in Liaoning Province

The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of accumulation and distribution of mineral elements in Japanese chesmut（Castanea crenata） and to establish a reasonable fertilization protocol. Field experiments were conducted to analyze the charac- ter of biomass composition, mineral element content and its accumulation in different parts of Japanese chestnut grafting trees which were 6-8 years old and the cultivars of Dafeng and Liaoli NO.10.The study results showed that the total dry biomass of Japanese chest- nut aging from 6 to 8 years old grafting tree was 10.64 kg/tree, 19.97 kg/tree and 35.03 kg/Iree, respectively. With the same soil condi- tion and same age trees, the total dry biomass of different chestnut cultivar was highly different. The Wanslocation ratio of dry biomass was 31.36：24.53：13.56：11.54：7.81：5.80：3.49：1.92 among truck branches, roots, leaves, kemels, bur, new shoots, husk and male inflo- rescences. The average annual absorption of N, P2O5, K2O, Ca and Mg of 7 to 8 years old chestnut tree was 175.87 g/tree, 34.55 g/tree, 68.21 g/free, 170.88 g/tree and 31.13g/tree respectively. In the early full bearing period, the total nutrient distributed into reproductive growth gradually increased year after year. In a chestnut tree, the total N or P2O5 amount in leaves was highest and the total K2O amount in kemels was highest. The absorption ratio of each element among the total elements absorption was N 36.57%, P2O5 7.19%, K2O 14.19 %, Ca 35.55% and Mg 6.48%, respectively. That is, N 〉 Ca 〉 K 〉 Mg 〉 P. According to our research results, to obtain 100 kg flesh fruit, chestnut tree must uptake N 3.06 kg, P205 1.50 kg,K2O 1.48 kg. The absorption rote was 2：l：l.This indicator could be refer to chestnut fertilizer in chestnut orchard in Liaoning province.