中国鲎3个地理群体遗传多样性的等位酶分析

应用等位酶技术对漳浦、连江和温州3个地理群体的中国鲎遗传多态性进行分析.实验结果发现：6个酶系统的10个位点中有6个为多态性位点,共获得21个等位基因;大部分位点在3个群体中偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;在物种水平上,有效等位基因数为1.635,观察杂合度为0.456,期望杂合度为0.306,香侬指数为0.486,表明中国鲎的遗传多样性较高;F-统计量（FST）平均为0.0475,表明中国鲎遗传差异主要存在于群体内;遗传一致度平均为0.969,遗传距离平均为0.0315,表明中国鲎群体间遗传分化较低;基因流平均为5.0120,显示群体间存在较大的基因交流.由此认为3个群体属于同一个繁殖群体.在进行鲎物种保护的同时,要加强对其遗传多样性的保护.

Allozyme Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Three Populations of Chinese Horseshoe Crab（Tachypleus tridentatus）

The genetic diversity was investigated on three populations（Zhangpu,Lianjiang and Wenzhou）of Chinese horseshoe crab（Tachypleus tridentatus）by Allozyme analysis.Twenty-one alleles were detected at 10 loci of 6 enzyme systems,among which six loci were polymorphic.Most of these loci in three populations were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The results showed that the effective number of alleles was 1.635,observed heterozygosity 0.456,expected heterozygosity 0.306,and Shannon index 0.486 at species level,which indicated higher genetic diversity of Chinese horseshoe crabs.The average of F-statistics（FST）was 0.047 5,implying that the genetic differences existed mostly within population.The high genetic identity average（0.969）and low genetic distance average（0.031 5）indicated that genetic difference among populations of Chinese horseshoe crab was very low.Average gene flow was 5.012 indicating high gene exchanging among the three populations.Therefore,the three populations belonged to the same breeding group.Horseshoe crab conservation should be conducted,while the protection of their genetic diversity should be strengthened at the same time.