水稻氮肥管理技术研究

试验以水稻养分优化管理为基础,综合应用各项水稻高产栽培技术,使寒地水稻产量达到10 t/hm2以上。研究寒地优质高产水稻生育期营养吸收规律、物质积累及其相互关系,揭示生育前期和后期调控对水稻生长和产量形成的影响机制,建立寒地高产水稻精确定量栽培模式图。结果表明：随着施氮量增加,植株的分蘖数目、株高、干物质积累量、叶片面积、叶绿素含量和最终的产量都在增加。但是施肥量越大,水稻发病率也越高,同时氮肥利用率却越来越低。在相同施氮量的情况下,水稻的生物性状和产量也存在一定的差异,但变化较小,施氮方法对生物性状和产量也有影响,总体表现4：3：1：2的施氮比例优于4.5：2：1.5：2的施氮比例。

Nitrogen Management Technology of Rice

In this test, with optimized nutrient management of rice as the basis, all high yield culture techniques were used synthetically to make its yield attain above 10 t/hm^2. The nutritive absorption rule, dry matter accumulation and their relationship of high - yield and good - quality rice during the growth period were studied to reveal the influence mechanism of control in the earlier and later growing stage on growth and yield of rice, and build the mode chart of precise and quantitative cultivation of high yield in the cold region. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate, tiller number, plant height, dry matter accumulation amount, leaf area, chlorophyll content, ultimate yield and incidence of rice were increasing, but nitrogen utilization ratio decreased. Under the same nitrogen amount, there were some difference in biological character and yield of rice, and changed slightly, nitrogen fertilization method had an impact on biological character and yield of rice, and the effect of nitrogen rate of 4：3：1：2 was better than that of 4.5：2：1.5：2.