30个水稻杂交组合在四川南部农艺性状差异研究

运用6个水稻三系不育系与5个恢复系通过不完全双列杂交配得30个杂交组合，次年种植，成熟后取样、测产，所得的穗长、有效穗、结实率、千粒质量、小区产量、播抽期和株高7个性状以不育系为基础进行分析．结果显示每个不育系所配品种的农艺性状平衡程度都有差异，只是某方面表现较好，其他方面的表现却一般或较差．而宜香1A所配品种穗子最长，植株最高，其他性状居中；中浙A所配品种有效穗最多，结实率高，但穗子偏短，千粒质量和小区产量最低，播抽期最短，植株最矮；II-32A所配品种的结实率最高，除千粒质量和株高居中外，其他性状数值都较大，小区产量也最高；德香074A所配的品种的千粒质量最高，结实率最低，其他性状一般或偏好；蓉18A和Q3A所配品种的农艺性状数值偏低或一般．总的说来，就这7个性状而言，II-32A所配品种的每个性状表现得比较均衡，其次是宜香1A所配品种的性状，再其次是德香074A所配的品种．本研究认为协调好品种每个农艺性状之间的平衡是确保杂交水稻高产、稳产的前提；千粒质量和播抽期是每个不育系所配品种间差异最显著的2个农艺性状；在土壤肥力水平较高的四川南部，适宜推广生育期较长、植株较高的重穗型杂交水稻新品种

The study of agronomic trait differences for 30 rice varieties in the south of Sichuan Province

The 30 hybrid combinations were got by using 6 Rice CMS line and 5 restorer line through incomplete diallel crossing. They were planted in the following year. Sampling and checking the plot yield after mature. The traits of the panicle length, effective panicle, seed-setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, plot yield, dropping-heading period and plant height were analyzed as the basis of CMS lines. The difference of balance degree appeared in the agronomic traits of the varieties with each CMS line. The certain aspect had the good performance, the other aspects of the performance was fair or poor. The varieties with the CMS line of Yixiang 1A had the longest panicle, the highest plants, but other traits in the middle. The ones with the CMS line of the Zhongzhe A had the most effective panicle, the highest seed-setting rate, but shorter panicle, the lowest 1 000-grain weight and plot yield, the shortest dropping-heading period and the most dwarf plants ; The varieties with II-32A had the highest seed-setting rate, fair 1 000-grain weight and plant height, other traits values were good and had the highest plot yield. The species with Dexiang 074A had the highest 1 O00-grain weight, the lowest seed-setting rate, the other traits in general or good preferences. The varieties with Rong 18A and Q3A had low or average agronomic traits. In general, for these seven traits, each trait performance of the varieties with II-32A was more balanced, followed Yixiang 1A, then Dexiang 074A.This study suggests that coordinating the balance between each agronomic traits of the varieties was the premise of ensuring the high and stable hybrid rice yield. The 1 000-grain weight and dropping-heading period were the two most significant agronomic traits in varieties with different CMS lines .The area of southern Sichuan had higher soil fertility level, the longer growth period, the higher plant height and heavy panicle hybrid rice varieties should be required.