不同小麦品种对干旱胁迫的形态生理响应及抗旱性分析

为了探讨不同冬小麦品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应,以矮抗58、郑麦366、开麦21、衡观35、周麦26、西农979,6个河南省主推的小麦品种为试验材料,研究了在返青期充分灌水(1 050 m~3·hm~(-2))、非充分灌水(450m~3·hm~(-2))以及不灌水处理对不同小麦品种形态指标、生理指标、产量以及产量构成要素的影响。结果表明,返青期非充分灌水和不灌水处理都使小麦的叶片相对含水量、株高、叶面积以及干物质积累量显著降低。衡观35、开麦21、西农979和矮抗58在受到干旱胁迫时过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的降幅小于郑麦366和周麦26,丙二醛(MDA)含量的增幅也表现出相同趋势。同时,干旱胁迫使小麦的有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量显著下降。在轻度干旱胁迫下,有效穗数和产量降幅较大;在严重干旱胁迫下,穗粒数、千粒重和产量下降的幅度均更明显。干旱胁迫引起的小麦叶片相对含水量、株高、叶面积、干物质积累量、POD活性的降幅和MDA含量的增幅与抗旱系数和抗旱指数呈显著或极显著负相关。6个小麦品种中,衡观35和开麦21抗旱性较强,西农979和矮抗58抗旱性中等,郑麦366和周麦26抗旱性较弱。

Drought resistance of different wheat cultivars and physiological response to drought stress

To explore the physiological response of different winter wheat cultivars to drought stress,six wheat cultivars widely planted in Henan were used to study their morphological indicators,physiological indexes,yield and the three factors of yield under three kinds of irrigation treatment:Full quantity of water (1 050 m3 · hm-2);half quantity of water (450 m3 · hm-2) and no irrigation.The results showed that the leaf relative water content (RWC),plant height and leaf area decreased significantly under drought stress.The activity of peroxidase (POD),catalase (CAT) decreased less of HG 35 and KM21 than ZM366 and ZM26 under drought stress.The increasing of (MDA) content also showed the same trend.At the same time,effective spike number,grain number,and yield of wheat decreased under drought stress.Besides,the impact of drought stress on effective panicle number and the grain number was more serious compared to other investigated indexes.The decreasing level of wheat leaf relative water content,plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation,POD activity and increasing level of MDA caused by drought stress were both significantly and negatively correlated with drought-resistant index or drought-resistant coefficient.In the six wheat varieties,HG 35 and KM21 belong to strong drought-resistant wheat cultivars,XN 979 and AK58 belong to moderate drought-resistant of wheat cultivars,ZM366 and ZM26 belong to drought-sensitive wheat cultivars.