近自然森林经理计划技术体系研究

随着我国林业发展战略从“以木材生产为中心”到“以生态环境建设为中心”的转变，森林经理学需要从原有的木材永续利用为目标的体系向以森林生态系统多功能可持续经营目标的体系改革和发展，面临着调整发展目标、更新指导理论和创新计划方法的挑战。通过探讨多功能可持续森林经营的3个基本问题，提出了在森林生态系统多功能可持续经营目标指导下的近自然森林经理计划技术要素，包括群落生境分析制图、森林发展类型设计、目标树作业方法、垂直结构导向的经营周期计划模式等4个主要技术要素的基本概念；提出一种实现多功能生态林业目标的，具有理论基础完备、技术要素先进和作业实施可操作特征的新型森林经理计划模式，并分析了在我国林业生态建设和发展中应用的前景。

A Preliminary Study on Planning Technical Model for Close-to-Nature Forest Management

With the shift of forestry development strategy from timber production to ecological rehabilitation in China, the discipline of forest management is facing the challenges of adjusting development goals from successive timber utilization to sustainable development of multiple purposes of forest ecosystem, updating guide theory and modifying planning methods. Based on discussing three basic issues related to multiple function and sustainable for- est management, this paper introduced a planning technical model figured with close-to-nature forest management theory and techniques. This planning system included 4 technical elements, which are biotope mapping, forest development type designing, target tree characterized stand operation and vertical structure oriented lifecycle plan- ning. This new planning model was developed in frame of close-to-natural theoretical foundation with advanced technical elements and experienced operational characters summarized from long term forestry practice. The prospective application of this planning model to ecological rehabilitation and multi-purpose forestry development in China was discussed.