小果油茶不同居群叶表型性状频率分布及多样性指数分析

以小果油茶分布区的18个居群为研究对象，测定叶表型各性状指标，探究不同性状的频率分布及多样性指数，结果表明，除叶长和形状系数为左偏外，其余6个叶表型性状均为右偏，各个性状数据分布大多数在平均值附近，形成高窄尖峭峰。小果油茶叶表型性状变异类型较为丰富，均匀度较高，且质量性状的多样性指数均低于数量性状。不同居群的多样性指数相差不大，但仍存在一定的差异，居群P4最高（2.9698），变异程度最大；居群P15最低（2.6756），变异程度最小。大多数叶表型性状多样性指数与生态地理因子没有显著相关，影响小果油茶叶表型性状多样性指数高低的主要生态因子是全年日照时数和活动积温；与生态因子相关的主要性状多样性指数为叶面积和叶的宽长比。在3次趋势面分析中，叶周长多样性指数和宽长比多样性指数与经纬度拟合效果最好，达到显著和极显著水平。

Analysis on the Leaf Phenotype Frequency Distribution and Diversity Index of Camellia meiocarpa Different Populations

In order to study the different characteristics variation frequency and diversity index,18 Camellia meiocarpa populations in distribute area and leaf phenotype were chosen as materials.Those results showed that a-part from leaf length and shape factor which were left deviation,other 6 leaf traits were right deviation.Each phe-notypic data data distributed nearby mean value and formed highly steep value.The variation type of Camellia meiocarpas leaf phenotype was quite rich and high evenness.The diversity index of quantitative trait variation was higher than that of quality traits.According to diversity index among different population,it just had a little differ-ence.The diversity index （2.969 8）of P4 was maximum,and P15 （2.675 6）was minimum.The diversity index of the most phenotypic traits was not related to choreographic factor,and the major ecological factor that effected di-versity index level of phenotypic traits was Hy and Tau.The diversity index of main phenotypic traits related to eco-logical factor were LA′and LW′/LL′.Fitting results of LP′and LW′/LL′were best to longitude and latitude in three times of trend surface analysis.The different level was significant or very significant.