黄龙山林区主要森林群落下物种多样性研究

通过典型样地调查,对黄龙山主要森林群落(辽东栎林、油松林、白桦林、栎桦林、松栎林和松桦林)林下灌木层和草本层的物种多样性指数、丰富多指数和均匀多指数等进行了系统研究,结果表明:1)主要森林群落下灌木层多样性指数,丰富度指数和均匀度指数均高于草本层,显示了灌木层在温带森林群落中的重要性。2)在6种群落中,辽东栎林灌木层和草本层物种多样性最高,白桦林最低,显示了辽东栎是地带性植被特殊地位,白桦林是作为当地的过渡性植被群落的基本属性。3)不同生境6种森林群落类型的草灌层多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均为阳坡大于阴坡,显示黄龙山区阳坡的水热组合适合灌草层发育。未来森林经营管理应该利用这些特征,实现生态效益和经济效益最大化。

Species Diversity of the Main Forest Community Undergrowths in the Huanglong Mountain

Through typical plots investigation,species diversity indices,richness indices and evenness indices of the shrub layers and the herb layers of the main forest communities in the forest stands(Quercus liaotungensis forest, Pinus tabulae formis forest,Betula platyphylla forest,P.stabulae-Q.liaotungensis mixed forest,Q.liaotungen- sis-B,platyphyUa mixed forest and P.stabulae-B.platyphylla mixed forest)in the Huanglong Mountain forestry region in Shaanxi Province,were systematically studied.The results showed that:1)the species diversity indices, richness indices and evenness indices of the shrub layers of the main forest communities in the forest stands were higher than those of the herb layers.It demonstrated the importance of the shrub layers in the temperate zone forest communities;2)In the six forest communities,the shrub layers and the herb layers of Q.liaotungensis forest showed the highest species diversity and the B.platyphylla forest showed the lowest species diversity.It revealed that the Q.liaotungensis forest was the main vegetation and the B.platyphylla forest which tended to degenerate would be substituted by other forest communities;3)The species diversity indices,richness indices and evenness indices of the shrub layers and the herb layers of the six forest communities on the sunny slope in the forest stands were higher than those on the shady slope.The reason was that the environment factors of the sunny slope such as light,heat,temperature,water and so on were better than those on the shady slope.In the future forest manage- ment,reasonable measures should be adopted according to the characteristics of species diversity in the Huanglong Mountain to achieve economical and ecological benefits.