居住区低影响开发评价及优化研究

气候变化将导致极端天气事件频率与强度增加，为了找到居住区应对未来极端降雨天气的最佳适应性方案，以陕西省西咸新区空港花园B区为例，根据研究区原有管网资料、气象资料等建立暴雨洪水管理模型，模拟研究区域在2、5、10 a和50 a不同降雨重现期情景下的径流过程，评价透水铺装、雨水花园、植草沟和雨水罐4种低影响开发设施的不同组合对雨洪的控制效果，并根据研究区本地特征优化方案。结果表明，在2、5、10 a和50 a重现期降雨条件下，透水铺装、雨水花园和雨水罐均有显著的径流控制效果，植草沟削减峰值能力尚可，但削减径流量效果欠佳；透水铺装、雨水花园、植草沟和雨水罐的组合方案性能全面、稳定，组合LID措施明显比单独LID措施雨洪控制效果更显著，多重组合措施调控效果优于双重组合措施。因此，应采用组合LID措施并举的方式，依据研究区的实际需求对布设规模做出适应性调整，科学合理地实现渗透、滞留目标，提升居住区应对极端天气的能力。

Evaluation and Optimization of Low Impact Development in Residential District

Climate change will lead to the increase of the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.In order to find the best adaptive scheme for residential district to cope with future extreme rainfall weather,the Konggang Garden Area B in Airport New Town of Xixian New Area,Shaanxi Province was taken as the research area.Through data collection and material preparation (e.g.,pipe network,meteorological data,etc.),storm water management model was built for simulating the runoff process in the research area under different rainfall recurrence periods of 2,5,10,and 50 a,and evaluating the efficiency of four different combinations of low impact development (LID) measures:permeable pavement,rainwater garden,grass planting ditch,and rain barrel.Measurements on rain flood control and optimization plan were designed with the consideration of local characteristics.The analysis results showed that under rainfall recurrence periods mentioned above,the permeable pavement,rain garden and rain barrel,all had significant effects on controlling runoff,the grass planting ditch could reduce the peak capacity of the runoff,but the effect of reducing runoff was not obvious.The application of the combination of all the four LID measures was more comprehensive and stable than the single one.The combination of all the four measures was better than the double combination.Therefore,combined LID measures should be adopted based on the real status of the study area to achieve the goal of water storage and retention in extreme precipitation during extreme weather conditions.