基质理化性质对菩提树容器苗的生长效应

以菩提树扦插苗为试验材料，以园土、蛭石、珍珠岩、育苗土为基质，按照一定比例配置成9种基质，研究基质理化性质对菩提树容器苗生长的影响，为菩提树容器苗生长基质配方的优化、利用提供理论依据。结果表明，9种基质配比的容重范围在0.47~0.87 g·cm^-3，总孔隙度范围65.60%~78.20%，pH 7.07~7.77，电导率范围216~318 μS·cm^-1，有机质含量范围41.5~149.0 g·kg^-1，全N 1.92~3.37 g·kg^-1，速效P 13.7~56.8 mg·kg^-1，速效K 166~451 mg·kg^-1，理化性质存在显著差异。其中T7的容重最小，电导率、有机质、全N含量最高，T2速效P含量最高，T3速效K含量最高，T8的全N含量、速效P、速效K含量最低。不同基质配比显著影响菩提树容器苗的生长特性，对其生理特性影响不显著。基质的速效P、速效K与菩提树容器苗生物量呈显著负相关。通过主成分分析进行综合评定，结果表明处理T8即V(园土)∶V(育苗土)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=2∶3∶1∶4，可作为菩提树容器苗生长的最佳基质配比。

Effects of Physical and Chemical Properties of the Substrate on the Growth of Container Seedlings of Ficus religiosa

One-year-old cuttage seedlings of Ficus religiosa were used as experimental materials to explore the influences of different substate ratios on the growth and physiology of the seedlings to provide theoretical bases for the optimization and development of the substrates used in the container seedling cultivation.Seedlings were cultivated in 9 substrates that were formulated by 4 kinds of materials with different proportions,including garden soil,vermiculite,perlite,and nursery soil.The ranges of the relative parameters of 9 formulated substrates were reported as follows:bulk density:0.47-0.87 g·cm^-3; total porosity:65.60%-78.20%; pH:7.07-7.77; electrical conductivity:216-318 μS·cm^-1; organic matter content:41.5-149.0 g·kg^-1; total nitrogen:1.92-3.37 g·kg^-1; available phosphorus:13.7-56.8 mg·kg^-1; available potassium:166-451 mg·kg^-1,indicating that there were significant differences in physical and chemical properties among 9 formulated substrates.It was found that the density of the formulated substrate T7 was the lowest,but the organic matter,electrical conductivity and total nitrogen were the highest.The available phosphorus in T2 was the highest.The rapidly available potassium content in T3 was the highest.The total nitrogen,available phosphorus and the rapidly available potassium in T8 were the lowest.The results indicated that the substrates significantly affected the growth characteristics of the container seedlings,however,the physiological characteristics of the container seedlings were not significantly affected.There was a significant negative correlation between the available phosphorus and available potassium in the substrate and seedling biomass of linden container seedlings.Comprehensive analysis showed that substrate T8 was the optimal formulated medium for the cultivation of F.religiosa seedlings with a volume ratio of garden soil∶nursery soil∶perlite∶vermiculite=2∶3∶1∶4.