城市公园绿地空间布局与供需匹配研究——以兰州市为例

以兰州主城区为例，运用核密度估计法，在对公园绿地空间布局特征分析的基础上，采用改进的两步移动搜索法对公园绿地供需匹配性进行评价，并探究其成因。结果表明:1)公园绿地总体分布呈现整体分散、局部集中的特征；不同类型公园绿地空间布局模式存在较大差异，综合公园呈现“均匀式”布局态势，专类公园呈现“双核心”空间格局，社区公园呈现“西密东疏”的集聚特征。2)主城区公园绿地供需匹配程度总体呈现出“北高南低、西高东低”空间分布特征；从西北—东南向剖面来看，总体呈现出“M”型分布态势；不同类型公园绿地供需比值均大致呈现出“西高东低”的共性特征，但由于各类公园绿地分布数量、面积和服务半径的差异，不同类型公园绿地与人口供需匹配程度也存在差异。3)人口分布、交通路网、公园绿地自身及周边环境是影响城市公园绿地供需匹配度空间分异的主要因素。

Spatial Distribution and Supply & Demand Matching of Parks——A Case Study of Lanzhou City

Taking the main urban area of Lanzhou as an example,using the kernel density estimation method,based on the research on the characteristics of the spatial distribution of parks,the improved two-step floating catchment area method was used to evaluate the matching of park supply&demand,and the causes were analyzed.The results showed that 1) the overall distribution of the parks presented the characteristics of overall dispersion and local concentration; there were great differences in the spatial layout mode of different types of parks,the comprehensive park presented the “uniform” layout situation,the special park presented the “double core” spatial pattern,and the community park presented the agglomeration characteristics of “dense in the West and sparse in the East”.2) The overall matching degree of supply &demand of the parks in the main urban area showed the spatial distribution characteristics of “higher in the North,lower in the South,higher in the West and lower in the East”; from the northwest to southeast section,it showed the overall distribution trend of “M” shape; the supply and demand ratio of different types of parks roughly showed the common characteristics of “higher in the West and lower in the East”.However,due to the differences in the distribution quantity,area and service radius of all kinds of parks,there were also differences in the matching degree between different types of parks and population supply&demand.3) Population distribution,traffic network,park itself and surrounding environment were the main factors that affected the spatial differentiation of supply&demand matching degree of parks.