杏树鬃球蚧防治药剂的筛选及田间防效

近年来杏树鬃球蚧在伊犁野果林暴发，严重威胁了野杏的生存和野果林生态系统。为了有效遏制杏树鬃球蚧危害，采用喷雾法在室内筛选出对杏树鬃球蚧表现出较高死亡率的药剂，并在杏树鬃球蚧越冬2龄若虫出蛰期和1龄若虫涌散期进行地面人工喷雾试验和无人飞机防治试验。结果表明，室内条件下5种药剂对杏树鬃球蚧若虫的校正死亡率在4.32%~81.19%，其中5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂对出蛰期、涌散期若虫的校正死亡率最佳，分别高达81.19%、73.24%。田间试验结果表明，在杏树鬃球蚧越冬2龄若虫出蛰期，使用5%甲维盐微乳剂、5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、20%啶虫脒可溶液剂进行防治，施药后第14天防效均达74%以上，其中5%甲维盐微乳剂6 000倍液防效高达91.33%；飞防作业区以吐尔根药后7~8 d的虫口减退率最高，为50.96%。在1龄若虫涌散期，使用5%甲维盐微乳剂、5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、22%噻虫·高氟氯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂进行防治，施药后第14天防效均达71%以上，其中22%噻虫·高氟氯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂1 000倍液防效高达89.28%；飞防作业区虫口减退率为55.17%，防治效果为36.23%。可选用5%甲维盐微乳剂、5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、20%啶虫脒可溶液剂和22%噻虫·高氟氯微囊悬浮-悬浮剂作为当前防治杏树鬃球蚧的理想药剂，可有效遏制杏树鬃球蚧的危害。

Screening and Control Efficacy of Insecticides Against Sphaerolecanium prunastri

The survival of Armeniaca vulgaris (wild apricot) and the ecology of wild fruit forests in the Yili region of western China has been seriously threatened due to the outbreak of Sphaerolecanium prunastri (plum scale insect) in recent years.Testing insecticides for the short-term prevention and control of S.prunastri was carried out by laboratory spray method.The target stages were the post-hibernant 2^nd-instar overwintering nymphs and the dispersal period of 1^st-instar nymphs.The results showed that the efficacy of the five insecticides tested on the nymphs ranged from 4.32% to 81.19% under laboratory conditions.Among them,5% emamectin benzoate had the best efficacy on the post-hibernant and dispersal period of nymphs reaching up to 81.19% and 73.24%,respectively.Field experiments showed that an efficacy of more than 74% was achieved 14 days after spraying 5% emamectin benzoate,5% lambda-cyhalothrin and 20% acetamiprid on the post-hibernant 2^nd-instar overwintering nymphs,and the control effect of 5% emamectin benzoate (6 000×) was up to 91.33%.In the aerially sprayed area,the highest decline was 50.96% after 7-8 days of applincation at tuergen.The efficacy was more than 71% 14 days after spraying 5% emamectin benzoate,5% lambda-cyhalothrin and 22% thiamethoxam·cyhalothrin in the dispersal period of 1^st-instar nymphs,and the control effect of 22% thiamethoxam·cyhalothrin (1 000×) was up to 89.28%.In the aerially sprayed area,the decline rate was 55.17%,and the control effect was 36.23%.It was concluded that four insecticides could be used for insecticides control of S.prunastri,including 5% emamectin benzoate,5% lambda-cyhalothrin,20% acetamiprid and 22% thiamethoxam·cyhalothrin.