现代生态科学与森林经理学寻求森林经营的生态合理性

传统森林经营以来自古典自由经济学地租理论的有缺陷的假设为前提，使其生态的合理性受到质疑。从长期经济发展与环境的关系上来讲，森林的经营应该是在寻求生态合理性的基础上来追求经济的合理性。这就需要指导森林经营实践的森林经理学在理论、方法和技术上进行发展和创新。迅猛发展的现代生态科学为发展和创新寻求生态合理性的森林经营理论和技术奠定了基础。干扰生态学的发展将自然干扰体制与生态系统完整性维持联系在一起，为森林经营提供了生态合理性的理论模型。景观生态学的发展不仅为森林经营提供了合适的等级系统，而且为森林经营的生态合理性提供了在景观水平上规划的依据。而恢复生态学的发展则为森林经理学服务于以森林资源总量增长优先的中国林业发展提供了切入点。

Modern Ecological Sciences and Forest Management: Towards the Forest Management for Ecological Reasonableness

Ecological reasonableness of traditional forest management is challenged because it is based on the flawed assumptions stemming from the soil-rent theory,a classic,liberal,economic theory.Forest management must have ecological reasonableness,however,to have economic reasonableness from the relationship of long-term economic development and environment.It is necessary to develop and innovat forest management to provide models,methodologies,and technologies.The foundations of forest management development and innovation are laid by developing disturbance ecology,landscape ecology and restoration ecology.The development of disturbance ecology,which links nature disturbance regime with maintaining ecosystem integrity,provides the basic theoretical model for ecological reasonable practice for forest management.The development of landscape ecology not only provides a reasonable hierarchy for forest management,but also provides the ecological reasonable bases for forest management planning in landscape level.The development of restoration ecology provides a handle for forest management to couple with forestry development in China that is preferential for the growth of gross forest resources.