土壤局部施加不同种类有机肥对苹果园土壤理化性质和果树养分利用率的改善

为探究一条适合扭转土壤质量下降的途径，以‘长富二号’为研究材料，采用3种不同有机质处理，研究不同有机质对土壤改良的的效果。结果表明，施加加菌剂果木基质和普通果木基质可以显著提高陕北旱区果园0~40 cm土层的土壤肥力，增强果树生长，提高果实质量。其中，加菌剂果木基质处理效果最好，能够显著增加60 cm以内微生物活性，增加果园中速效养分含量，同时能够提高苹果果实品质。与对照相比，在加菌剂果木基质处理条件下，土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性分别上升了14.71%和4.76%。综上表明，局部施用加菌剂果木基质可以改善陕北地区土壤结构，扭转渭北地区土壤质量下降现状。

Improvement of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Nutrient Utilization Rate of Apple Trees by Localized Application of Different Organic Fertilizers

In order to explore an appropriate method for reversing the decline of soil quality,5-year-old dwarfing apple cultivar ‘Changfu-2’ was used as the material,which was subject to localized applying different organic matters,aiming to study the effects of different organic matters on soil improvement.The results showed that the application of the fruit wood substrate with fungicide and the common fruit wood substrate could significantly improve the soil fertility of 0-40 cm soil layer in the orchard in northern Shaanxi,enhance the growth of fruit trees and increase the fruit quality.Among them,the fruit wood substrate with fungicide was the most effective,which could significantly increase the microbial activity of the soil 60 cm around the apple tree,increase the available nutrient content in the orchard,and improve the quality of apple fruit.Compared with the control group,the soil urease activity and sucrase activity increased by 14.71% and 4.76%,respectively under the treatment of the fruit wood substrate with fungicide.To sum up,localized application of the fruit wood substrate with fungicide could improve the soil structure and reverse the decline of soil quality in the northern Shaanxi.