森林生态系统生态服务功能研究进展

森林生态系统是地球生命系统的重要结构和功能单元,其生态服务功能体现于生态系统和生态过程所形成的有利于人类生存与发展的生态环境条件与效用。评价森林生态系统的生态服务功能,多运用实际市场法、替代市场法和假想市场法对其空气净化、固碳释氧、水土保持、维持生物多样性等功能指标进行价值计量。通过对生态服务功能实现机理、干扰机制的研究证实了要稳定发挥生态服务功能就必须首先保证系统结构的完整和稳定;系统服务功能评价、动态管理及补偿机制的研究则为系统的经营和管理提供了技术支撑和决策参考。然而,现有的评估体系和评估方法尚不统一、功能机理研究缺乏系统而深入的理论成果。因此,今后的研究需进一步统一评估体系与方法,拓展研究的时空尺度,揭示系统的功能机理,建立评价模型,从而服务于森林生态系统服务功能的持续管理。

Progress on Ecological Service Function of Forest Ecosystems

The forest ecosystem is the important structure and function unit of the earth-life system.Its ecological service function embodies the ecological environmental conditions and effectiveness formed by ecosystem and ecological processes,on which human life relies for existence and development.Actual market method is aften used to assess the ecological service function,such as air purification,C fixation,O2 release,soil and water conservation,and maintenance of biodiversity,instead of market method and hypothetical market method.Studies on realization mechanisms,disturbance mechanisms of ecological service function confirmed that if humankind want to benefit from ecosystem,firstly they must insure the integrity and the stability of the system.Meanwhile,function assessment,dynamic management and compensation mechanisms provide technical support and strategic reference for the ecosystem management.However,the existing assessment system and methods are not unified,and the research on function mechanisms lacks of systematic and in-depth theoretic achievements.Therefore,attentions should be paid on the topics,such as unification of estimation system and methods,extension of spatial-temporal scaling,disclosure of function mechanisms and establishment the estimation models,All of these will serve the sustaining management of the service function.