艾蒿提取物对13种植物病原菌物的抑制作用

研究了艾蒿乙醇提取物对13种植物病原菌物的抑制活性,并测定了提取物对4种植物病原菌物菌丝生长的毒力.结果表明,在50 mg.mL-1生药浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌30 h和十字花科菌核病菌48 h的菌丝生长抑制率大于90%,对辣椒疫霉病菌、荔枝霜霉病菌、柑橘青霉病菌、红麻灰霉病菌48 h的菌丝生长抑制率在70%-86%之间,对香蕉枯萎病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、稻瘟病菌、红麻灰霉病菌等孢子的萌发抑制率在90%以上.显微观察说明,加药处理后,菌丝出现扭曲、膨大、液泡增多、分枝增加、分枝间隔缩短等异常变化.毒力测定表明,艾蒿乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯菌抑制作用较强,EC50仅为5.85 mg.mL-1.以上研究结果表明,艾蒿具有开发为新型植物源农药的潜力.

Inhibition activities of the extract from the plant of Artemisia argyi against 13 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi

The antifungal activities of ethanol extract from the plant of Artemisia argyi to phytopathogenic fungi were investigated.The result showed,under the dosage of 50 mg·mL-1,the extracts could inhibit mycelium growth of Rhizoctonia solania,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum more than 90%,and had 70%-86% inhibition rates to Phytophthra capsisi,Peronophthora litchii,Penicillium digitatum,Botrytis cinerea.Furthermore,the extracts had more than 90% inhibition rates to the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,F.oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Colletotrichum musae,Pyricularia grisea and Botrytis cinerea.The observation of morphological character showed,while inoculated in the substrate with the extract,the mycelia would abnormally grow,such as contorting,bulging,vacuole increasing,more branches, shortened space between branches.Bioassay to the extract for the tested fungi showed that the ethanol extract was very effective to Rhizoctonia solania, in which the EC50 was 5.85 mg·mL-1.So Artemisia argyi has great potential to be developed as a new botanic fungicide.