福建水稻土分类的研究

本文讨论福建省水稻土分类。把水稻土分为三个亚类型:渗育性水稻土、潴育性水稻土、潜育性水稻土。土属的划分是以起源土壤中的粘土矿物组合和母质的不同而分为八个属:1、砖红壤性土或中更新世海成阶地红土;2、白土或晚更新世海成阶地原生土;3、红壤或晚更新世红土;4、紫色土或紫色砂页岩风化残积物;5、黄壤或山地黄壤;6、冲积土或河流冲积物;7、盐土或滨海沉积物;8、石灰性土及石灰岩残积物。土种的划分是根据土壤上部土层(0～50 cm)的质地构型或耕作层的熟化度。水稻土的命名建议采用地名——亚类(简称)——属名(简称)——上层(0～20cm)质地的连名法,似较现行的命名法切实可用。

STUDIES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF PADDY SOILS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

The classification of paddy soils in Fujian Province is discussed in this paper. There are three subgroups under paddy soils, namely, percogenic paddy soils in arid upland areas, gleyed paddy soils in lowland areas, and the typical periodically water-logged paddy soil. The genesis of the last subgroup is under periodically anthropic irrigation and drainage conditions where ferrous lixiviation appeared. According to the association of clay minerals of the soils or the different parent materials, eight families may be divided as follows: 1) Lateritie soil or Q_2 sea terrace red earth with kaolinite and quartz association. 2) Whitish soils or Q_3 sea terrace sedimentary soil with kaolinite, montmorillonite and gibbsite association. 3) Red soil or Q_3 red earth with montmorillonite, 7 A-halloysite, kaolinite, gibbsite association. 4) Purple soil or purple sandstone weathering residues with illite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite association. 5) Yellow soil or mountain yellow earth with kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite/gibbsite, and 7 A-haIloysite association. 6) Alluvial soil or river drift with 7 A-halloysite, montmorilionite/ illite, and montmorillonite association. 7) Saline soil or sea sediment with kaolinite/montmorillonite, and illite association. 8) Calcareous soil with kaolinite and goethite/CaCo_3 association. Soil species are divided according to the structural types, i.e., the texture of the epipedon (0-50cm), or the fertility status of the anthropic epipedon.