生物工程应用于作物育种的试验研究 第6报 抗稻瘟病细胞突变体数量性状的遗传变异

抗稻瘟病细胞突变体R_2代的单株有效穗数、单株产量和株高等性状具有较大的遗传变异系数和选择潜力,生育期、千粒重、结实率、穗长和单株有效穗数等具有较高的遗传力(>50％).在抗病细胞突变体中进行丰产性选择,以穗实粒数、结实率或单株有效穗数、穗实粒数等性状结合单株产量进行综合选择,可获得较为理想的结果.对R_3群体的主成分分析表明,高抗高产株系应该是穗实粒数和单株有效穗数中等偏多、结实率高、着粒密度大、中熟或中熟偏迟.经主成分分析入选的2个优良株系,通过R_4代种植鉴定,来自D_3(沈农1033//Jaya/233)H_2]品系的88-334株系表现为高抗稻瘟病、整齐度好、中熟高产,有较大的增产潜力,同时还选择出12个高产高抗稻瘟病的优良单株.

Studies on the Biotechnology Applied in Crop Breeding VI. Genetic Variation on the Quantitative Characters of Blast Resistant Rice Somatic Mutants

There appeared highet genetic variation coeffecient and greater selection potentiality of no. of effective panicles per plant, grain yield and plant height in R_2 populations of blast-resistant mutants selected from rice somaclones. Higher heretability (> 50%) was revealed of growth period, 1000—grain weight, seed setting percentages, panicle length and no. of effective panicles per plant. In the process of high yield selection among blast-resistant mutants, good results would be achieved if those characters, combined with grain yield per plant, were evaluated synthelically, including no. of filled grains per panicle and seed setting percentages or no. of effective panicles per plant and filed grains per panicle. It was showed from analysis of R_3 principal components, that lines with high blast—resistance and yield should take the advantages of middle or more filled grains per panicle and effective panicles per plant, higher seed setting percentages, large spikelets density and middle length or a little longer growth periods. Two excerllent lines, selected through analysis of principal components, had been evaluated of their R4 populations. Line 88-334, selected from D_3 ((Sennong 1033//Jaya/233)H_2), showed high blast-resistance and yield, relative uniform heading, middle length of growth periods and greater potentiality of increasing yield. Also selected were 12 individual plants with high blast-resistance and yield.