砂仁真菌病害的鉴定

砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.)为著名南药,生产上有多种病害,以叶斑病为害严重而影响产量。作者1985年、1986年,在砂仁的重要产地阳春、封开等县进行了调查,认为目前主要有五种真菌病害:其中炭疽病两种:幼苗炭疽病为姜刺盘孢(Colletotrichum zingiberis(Sundar.)Butler et Bisby),成株炭疽病为盘长孢状刺盘抱(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides Penz.);果腐病两种,多数为茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.),少数为镰刀菌(Fusaium sp.)引起;最影响生产的是叶斑病,其病原菌砂仁节梨孢(Gona-topyricularia amomi Z.D.Jiang et P.K.Chi)是个新属新种。本文较详细地描述了五大病害的症状及其病原菌的形态,并报道了各病菌的致病性测定结果。

THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE FUNGAL DESEASES OF Amomun villosum

Investigating the fungal diseases of famous Chinese medical plant(Amomum vil-losum Lour.),we have fouud five kinds of diseases in Yang-Chun and Feng-kai Counties etc.,Guangdong Province.They are the seedling anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum zingiberls(Sundar.)Butler et Bisby.,the leaf anthracnose of adult plant by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.:the fruit rot caused by Rhizoctonia tolani Kuhn.,and another fruit rot by Fusarium sp..The most important desease it the leaf spot which causes serious damage and great loss in production of Amomum vilosum.According to its morphology,cultural characteristics and artificial inoculation,the pathogen of the leaf spot is considered to be a new genus(Gona-topyricularia Z.D.Jiang et P.K.Chi gen.nov.),the type species is G.amomi Z.D.Jiang et P.K.Chi sp.nov..Latin and Chinese diagnoses with reference to morphological photographs are given for the genus and the type species.