广东地区果用银杏林的叶片营养诊断研究

【目的】对位于广东省梅州市的果用银杏基地的银杏Ginkgo biloba叶片进行营养诊断,以期为该地区果用银杏园的营养管理提供理论依据。【方法】基于挂果量对调查的9个果园进行聚类,得出高、中、低产园。采用诊断施肥综合法(DRIS指数法)求得9个果园银杏叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Zn、Mn的需肥紧迫程度及养分不平衡指数(NII),并初步制定果用银杏营养元素DRIS指数的初级分级标准。【结果】果用银杏高产园与低产园的平均NII分别为90.92和206.08,高产园的平均需肥紧迫程度为NMnKPZnBCaMg,而低产园的平均需肥紧迫程度为MgNCaKMnPZnB。DRIS指数法初步分级结果显示,养分指数的平衡区N=-5.98±2.13、P=-0.97±4.43、 K=-1.44±2.17、 Mn=-1.70±11.82、 Zn=-0.74±17.61、 Ca=3.99±0.47、 Mg=33.12±58.39、 B=1.82±20.07。【结论】梅州市银杏果园中,银杏叶片的N、K、Ca、Mg缺乏严重,P、Mn含量偏低,而Zn、B含量过剩。通过需肥紧迫程度排序及制定的DRIS指数分级能直观地判断银杏各营养元素的平衡状况,可作为银杏平衡施肥的依据。

Foliar nutrient diagnosis for fruit forest of Ginkgo biloba in Guangdong

Objective To conduct foliar nutritional diagnosis on Ginkgo biloba located in Guangdong Meizhou ginkgo orchards based on diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) index method, and provide a theoretical basis for nutrition management of ginkgo orchards in this region.Method Based on the amount of fruit, nine plots were clustered to get high, middle and low yield orchard. According to DRIS index method, the requirement degrees of G. biloba leaves to N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Mn fertilizers, and nutrient imbalance index (NII) were determined. The preliminary classification norms of DRIS index for nutrient element of fruit forest of G. biloba were established.Result The average NII of high and low yield orchard were 90.92 and 206.08, respectively. The average fertilizer requirements in high yield orchard were ranked as N > Mn > K > P > Zn > B > Ca > Mg, while those in low yield orchard were Mg > N > Ca > K > Mn > P > Zn > B. The balanced zones of DRIS index preliminary classification norms were N=-5.98±2.13, P=-0.97±4.43, K=-1.44±2.17, Mn=-1.70±11.82, Zn=-0.74±17.61, Ca=3.99±0.47, Mg=33.12±58.39, B=1.82±20.07.Conclusion The deficiency of N, K, Mg and Ca in G. biloba leaves in the orchard located in Meizhou was serious, followed by P and Mn, while the excess of Zn and B was observed. Through the ranking of the urgency of the fertilizer requirement and DRIS index grading, the balance of each nutrient element of G. biloba can be visually judged, and can be used as the basis for balanced fertilization of G. biloba.